Evelyn Wolfson , Roman Mythology
Enslow Publishers | ISBN 0766015580 | 2002 | PDF | 2.79 MB | 129 pages
The Roman mythology we know today evolved over hundreds of years. Myths about the earliest Roman deities are different from most traditional myths that explain the actions of gods and goddesses or try to make sense of unexplainable events in nature. Roman myths give reasons for the rituals, ceremonies, and festivals held in honor of specific deities who represented important functions in daily life. The rituals, however, came first�then myths were created to go with the deities being honored.

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Michelle M. Houle, Gods and Goddesses in Greek Mythology
Enslow Publishers | ISBN 0766014088 | 2001 | PDF | 2.85 MB | 129 pages
The Greek myths we are familiar with today are the product of generations of storytelling. Many were adaptations of stories that the Greeks gleaned from other cultures. Before about 800 B.C., when the Greek alphabet was developed, myths were passed down from one generation to the next by word of mouth. It was also through oral storytelling that myths and legends traveled from one part of Greece to the next, as well as to other parts of the world. However, after 800 B.C., stories began to be written down, including most of the tales that we now recognize as the basic core of Greek mythology.

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The Corruption of Angels: The Great Inquisition of 1245-1246
Princeton University Press | ISBN 0691006563 | 2001 Edition | PDF | 249 Pages | 2.2MB
On two hundred and one days between May 1, 1245, and August 1, 1246, more than five thousand people from the Lauragais were questioned in Toulouse about the heresy of the good men and the good women (more commonly known as Catharism). Nobles and diviners, butchers and monks, concubines and physicians, blacksmiths and pregnant girls--in short, all men over fourteen and women over twelve--were summoned by Dominican inquisitors Bernart de Caux and Jean de Saint-Pierre. In the cloister of the Saint-Sernin abbey, before scribes and witnesses, they confessed whether they, or anyone else, had ever seen, heard, helped, or sought salvation through the heretics. This inquisition into heretical depravity was the single largest investigation, in the shortest time, in the entire European Middle Ages.

Mark Gregory Pegg examines the sole surviving manuscript of this great inquisition with unprecedented care--often in unexpected ways--to build a richly textured understanding of social life in southern France in the early thirteenth century. He explores what the interrogations reveal about the individual and communal lives of those interrogated and how the interrogations themselves shaped villagers' perceptions of those lives. The Corruption of Angels, similar in breadth and scope to Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie's Montaillou, is a major contribution to the field. It shows how heretical and orthodox beliefs flourished side by side and, more broadly, what life was like in one particular time and place. Pegg's passionate and beautifully written evocation of a medieval world will fascinate a diverse readership within and beyond the academy.
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Into the Land of Bones: Alexander the Great in Afghanistan
University of California Press | ISBN 0520249933 | 2005 Edition | PDF | 260 Pages | 3 MB
What George W. Bush called the "first war of the twenty-first century" actually began more than 2,300 years ago when Alexander the Great led his army into what is now a sprawling ruin in northern Afghanistan. Accounts of Alexander's invasion of ancient Bactria read eerily like news from our own day. In this vivid, meticulously researched, and elegantly narrated book, Frank L. Holt follows Alexander's historical, archaeological, and numismatic legacy back and forth between ancient Bactria and modern Afghanistan. Recounting the plight of the most powerful leader of the time as he led the most sophisticated army of its day into the treacherous world of tribal warlords, Holt describes those grueling campaigns and the impact they had on Alexander, his generals, their troops, and the world. Into the Land of Bones also examines the conflict from the point of view of the local warlords who pushed the invading Greeks to the limits of their endurance--and sometimes beyond, into mania and mutiny. The lively narrative situates the current war in Afghanistan in a broader historical perspective.

Holt explains how the three modern superpowers that have invaded Afghanistan--Britain in the nineteenth century, the Soviets in the twentieth, and the United States in the twenty-first--are continuing the struggle that Alexander began centuries ago. That this legacy continues to play itself out today is a testament to the timeliness of Holt's fascinating and original account.


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Greek Political Thought
Blackwell Publishing Limited | ISBN 1405100303 | 2006 Edition | PDF | 353 pages | 3.2 MB
While ancient Greek thought is widely acknowledged as the major source of political ideals such as freedom and equality, ancient Greek practices including slavery, the subordination of women, and imperialism have been condemned as undemocratic and immoral. So is ancient Greek political thought still relevant today? In this provocative and wide-ranging history, Ryan Balot shows what ancient Greek political texts might mean to citizens of the twenty-first century.Balot centers his discussion on Plato and Aristotle, the great political philosophers, but also considers an array of poetic, historical, and philosophical texts in an effort to locate ancient Greek political thought in its cultural context. His account shows both how the political thought of Greece developed over time and how the characteristic Greek interest in political virtue can still shape our thinking about politics today.

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Age of Justinian: The Circumstances of Imperial Power
Routledge | ISBN 0415237262 | 1996 Edition | PDF | 514 Pages | 2.8MB
J.A.S. Evans examines the reign of the great emperor Justinian (527-565) and his wife Theodora, who advanced from the theatre to the throne. He chronicles the origins of the split between East and West, the results of which are still with us. The book goes on to look at social structure of sixth-century Byzantium and the neighboring empires. It also covers Justinian's wars, which restored Italy, Africa and a part of SPain to the empire.




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Render to Caesar: Jesus, the Early Church, and the Roman Superpower
Oxford University Press, USA | ISBN 0195183347 | 2005 Edition | PDF | 193 Pages | 2.3 MB
At the end of the 20th century, "postcolonialism" described the effort to understand the experience of those who had lived under colonial rule. This kind of thinking has inevitably brought about a reexamination of the rise of Christianity, which took place under Roman colonial rule. How did Rome look from the viewpoint of an ordinary Galilean in the first century of the Christian era? What should this mean for our own understanding of and relationship to Jesus of Nazareth? In the past, Jesus was often "depoliticized," treated as a religious teacher imparting timeless truths for all people. Now, however, many scholars see Jesus as a political leader whose goal was independence from Roman rule so that the people could renew their traditional way of life under the rule of God. In Render to Caesar, Christopher Bryan reexamines the attitude of the early Church toward imperial Rome. Choosing a middle road, he asserts that Jesus and the early Christians did indeed have a critique of the Roman superpower -- a critique that was broadly in line with the entire biblical and prophetic tradition. One cannot worship the biblical God, the God of Israel, he argues, and not be concerned about justice in the here and now. On the other hand, the biblical tradition does not challenge human power structures by attempting to dismantle them or replace them with other power structures. Instead, Jesus' message consistently confronts such structures with the truth about their origin and purpose. Their origin is that God permits them. Their purpose is to promote God's peace and justice. Power is understood as a gift from God, a gift that it is to be used to serve God's will and a gift that can be taken away by God when misused. Render to Caesar transforms our understanding of early Christians and their relationship to Rome and demonstrates how Jesus' teaching continues to challenge those who live under structures of government quite different from those that would have been envisaged by the authors of the New Testament.

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Rethinking Islamist Politics: Culture, the State and Islamism
I. B. Tauris | ISBN 184511180X | 2006 Edition | PDF | 252 Pages | 2MB
For over twenty years the politics of Islamic activists have broadly been explained and understood in the West as a threat to all that is most valued in modern political discourse. Salwa Ismail now proposes a whole new way of examining the political culture of the world of Islamism. She revisits the main arguments and explanations that have been used over the past twenty years to understand Islamist activism, moderate as well as militant, and proposes a rethinking of Islamist politics.


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Pan-Arabism before Nasser: Egyptian Power Politics and the Palestine Question
Oxford University Press, USA | ISBN 0195160088 | 1999 Edition | PDF | 242 Pages | 2.3 MB
This book aims to alter profoundly the accepted version of the history of post-World War II Egyptian foreign policy. To this end, Doran convincingly demonstrates the absence of any true pan-Arab front from the very beginning of the Arab League. Reconsidering Cairo's policy decisions during the critical years from 1944 to 1948, he proves that Egyptian national interests were always placed before the united Arab front against Israel. Even while participating in the 1948 war with Israel, Egypt regarded Zionism and the Palestine Question as less important than achieving independence from Britain and thwarting the expansionist aims of Iraq and Jordan. Ultimately, this study is a bold rethinking of twentieth-century Middle Eastern politics and history, with key implications for both the study of the ongoing Arab-Israeli conflict and the volatile politics of the Middle East in general.


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Hegel, Nietzsche, and Philosophy: Thinking Freedom
Cambridge University Press | ISBN 052181250X | 2004 Edition | PDF | 335 pages | 2.8 MB
This study explores the theme of freedom in the philosophy of Hegel and Nietzsche. First, Will Dudley sets Hegel's Philosophy of Right within a larger systematic account and deploys the Logic to interpret it. He demonstrates that freedom involves not only the establishment of certain social and political institutions but also the practice of philosophy itself. Then, he reveals how Nietzsche's discussions of decadence, nobility and tragedy lead to an analysis of freedom that critiques heteronomous choice and Kantian autonomy, and ultimately issues a positive conception of liberation.

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Hegel, Literature, and the Problem of Agency
Cambridge University Press | ISBN 0521796342 | 2001 Edition | PDF | 159 Pages | 1.8MB
Allen Speight argues that behind Hegel's extraordinary appeal to literature in the Phenomenology of Spirit lies a philosophical project concerned with understanding human agency in the modern world. It shows that Hegel looked to three literary genres--tragedy, comedy, and the romantic novel--as offering privileged access to three moments of human agency: retrospectivity, theatricality, and forgiveness. Taking full account of the authors that Hegel himself refers to (Sophocles, Diderot, Schlegel, Jacobi), Allen Speight has written a book with a broad appeal to both philosophers and literary theorists.

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Descartes Embodied: Reading Cartesian Philosophy through Cartesian Science
Cambridge University Press | ISBN 0521789737 | 2004 Edition | PDF | 344 Pages | 3MB
This volume collects some of the seminal essays on Descartes by Daniel Garber, one of the preeminent scholars of early-modern philosophy. A central theme unifying the volume is the interconnection between Descartes's philosophical and scientific interests, and the extent to which these two sides of the Cartesian program illuminate each other, a question rarely treated in the existing literature. This collection will be a mandatory purchase for any serious student of or professional working in 17th-century philosophy, history of science, or history of ideas.




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Idealism Without Absolutes: Philosophy and Romantic Culture
State University of New York Press | ISBN 0791460010 | 2004 Edition | PDF | 268 Pages | 2.2MB
Idealism without Absolutes offers an ambitious and broad reconsideration of Idealism in relation to Romanticism and subsequent thought. Linking Idealist and Romantic philosophy to contemporary theory, the volume explores the multiplicity of different philosophical incarnations of Idealism and materialism, and shows how they mix with and invade each other in philosophy and culture. The contributors discuss a wide range of major figures in the long Romantic period, from Kant and Hegel to Nietzsche, as well as key figures defining the contemporary intellectual debate, including Freud, Heidegger, Adorno, Lyotard, Derrida, de Man, and Deleuze and Guattari. While preserving the significance of the historical period extending from Kant to the early nineteenth century, the volume gives the concept of Romantic culture a new historical and philosophical meaning that extends from its pre-Kantian past to our own culture and beyond.

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