More Moments in Time: Images of Exemplary Nursing
by: Beth Perry

More Moments in Time: Images of Exemplary Nursing
By Beth Perry

Publisher: UBC Press
Number Of Pages: 224
Publication Date: 2009-07-15
ISBN-10 / ASIN: 1897425511
ISBN-13 / EAN: 9781897425510

Product Description:

This book is based on a study of the beliefs, actions, and interactions of a group of extraordinary oncology nurses – the nurses their peers would choose to have care for them if they were diagnosed with cancer. Beth Perry weaves narrative, comments, field notes, poetry, and photography to create a very personal and unique perspective on nursing.

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Auditory and Visual Sensations
by: Yoichi Ando

Auditory and Visual Sensations
By Yoichi Ando

Publisher: Springer
Number Of Pages: 340
Publication Date: 2009-10-06
ISBN-10 / ASIN: 144190171X
ISBN-13 / EAN: 9781441901712

Product Description:

The subject of the book is the grounding of architectural acoustics in psychophysics (perception, listener preferences) and neuroscience (auditory function, neural correlates of perception and preference). This is the first rational-scientific approach to designing performance spaces that is based on systematic psychoacoustical observations of spatial hearing and listener preferences. Observations of the neuronal correlates of auditory qualities and listener preferences ground the theory of listener preferences in the neurophysiology of the human brain. A correlation-based model of neuronal signal processing in the central auditory system is proposed. Observed psychological and neurophysiological commonalities between auditory and visual sensations and preference patterns are presented and discussed. This book thus spans the disciplines of physics, acoustics, psychology, neurophysiology, and music production, thereby blending science and art.

Temporal and spatial sensations. Temporal auditory sensations include auditory qualities such as pitch, timbre, loudness, and duration, which are modeled using features extracted from the temporal autocorrelation function (ACF) of the sound. Neuronal responses related to these qualities are mainly associated with left hemisphere auditory regions of cerebral cortex. Spatial auditory sensations include the perceived direction of sound, its apparent size (apparent source width, ASW) and its subjective diffuseness deeply related to envelopment. These spatial aspects of sound perception are extracted from the interaural crosscorrelation function (IACF), which takes into account the differences in the sounds that reach the two ears. Cortical neuronal responses related to spatial hearing are mainly associated with auditory regions in the right hemisphere.

Thus, the "primary sensation" evoked by a sound in some space can be divided into two categories: temporal sensations and spatial sensations. Any other subjective responses of the source sound signal and the sound field can be described in terms of temporal and spatial factors. Part I of the book describes experimental results from basic research in acoustics, psychoacoustics, the psychology of auditory preferences, and auditory neurophysiology. Applications include optimal design of concert hall and opera house acoustics, architectural acoustics of speech intelligibility and musical expression, as well as the perception of noise and its annoyance.

In Part II, temporal and spatial sensations in vision are described in terms of similar kinds of correlation-based representations. A seamless, general theory can be established for temporal and spatial aspects of vision that includes subjective preferences for visual environments. Many audio-visual analogies are drawn. A typical temporal sensation of vision is the "pitch" of a flickering light, for which the missing fundamental is perceived in a manner highly analogous to its acoustic counterpart. Visual spatial sensations include contrast, regularity and coarseness. A spatial "vibrato" in a drawing is demonstrated as an application of the theory in the visual arts.

The reader is given a highly fleshed out strategy for architectural acoustical design that is grounded both in psychology and neuroscience. Few other works are as ambitious in attempting to understand and explain such a wide range of perceptual phenomena. This human-centered design approach can be applied to any design practice in which the goal is to optimize the experience of the design product by its users. The proposed theory shows how a unified science of human perceptual experience and preference might be both possible and useful.

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Seminars in Old Age Psychiatry (College Seminars Series)
by: Rob Butler
en | RCPsych Publications

9781901242218 1901242218 0880485914

Seminars in Old Age Psychiatry (College Seminars Series)
By Rob Butler

Publisher: RCPsych Publications
Number Of Pages: 352
Publication Date: 1998-01-01
ISBN-10 / ASIN: 1901242218
ISBN-13 / EAN: 9781901242218

Product Description:

Part of the College Seminars Series.This book offers a concise and up-to-date text on the mental health of older people. A step-by-step approach to assessment is followed by chapters covering the important psychological conditions of older age.There are practical guidelines on clinical management, and sections covering topics such as law and research. The book ends with a collection of vignettes which allow the reader to test their knowledge.With the growing importance of old age psychiatry, this book will be invaluable to trainee and qualified psychiatrists, as well as other doctors, medical students and health care professionals who work with older people.

Also available:

Family Work for Schizophrenia, 2nd Edition: A Practical Guide – ISBN 1901242773
Advanced Family Work for Schizophrenia: An Evidence-Based Approach – ISBN 1904671276

RCPsych Publications is the publishing arm of the Royal College of Psychiatrists (based in London, United Kingdom), which has been promoting excellence in mental health care since 1841. Produced by the same editorial team who publish The British Journal of Psychiatry, they sell books for both psychiatrists and other mental health professionals; and also many written for the general public. Their popular series include the College Seminars Series, the NICE mental health guidelines and the Books Beyond Words series for people with intellectual disabilities.

RCPsych publishes in all areas of psychiatry and mental health, including but not limited to:
Clinical psychiatric practice
Intellectual disability
Mental health services for children, adolescents, adults and the elderly
Psychopharmacology
Psychotherapy
Rehabilitation psychiatry
Family mental health
Service provision

RCPsych Publications books can help with the following disorders:
Addictions
Affective disorders
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Bereavement
Borderline personality disorder
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
Dementia
Depression
Eating disorders
Perinatal psychiatric disorder
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Psychosis
Schizophrenia
Sleep problems

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CNA Certified Nursing Assistant Exam Cram
by: Linda Whitenton, Marty Walker

CNA Certified Nursing Assistant Exam Cram
By Linda Whitenton, Marty Walker

Publisher: Pearson Education
Number Of Pages: 216
Publication Date: 2009-10-30
ISBN-10 / ASIN: 0789739348
ISBN-13 / EAN: 9780789739346

Product Description:

CNA

Certified Nursing Assistant Exam Cram

Linda Whitenton

Marty Walker

Succeed with topical reviews, practice exams, and preparation tools

· Covers exactly what you need to know to score higher on your CNA exam

· More than 150 sample test questions help you gain confidence and decide when you’re ready to take the actual exam

· Simplifies key nursing assistant concepts and techniques for easy learning

· Includes popular Cram Sheet tearcard to help you remember key concepts and do extra last-minute studying

· Exam Alerts identify important information found on the exam

Written by Leading Experts!

Score Higher on the CNA Exam!

The CD features an adaptive test engine, giving you an effective tool to assess your readiness for the CNA exam. Key features include

· Detailed explanations of correct and incorrect answers

· Multiple test modes

· Random questions and order of answers

· Coverage of all CNA topic categories

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The Medical Interview: Mastering Skills for Clinical Practice (Medical Interview (Coulehan)) – 5th edition
by: John L., M.D. Coulehan, Marian R., M.D. Block
en | F. A. Davis Company

080361246X 9780803612464 B001OI2DXE

The Medical Interview: Mastering Skills for Clinical Practice (Medical Interview (Coulehan))
By John L., M.D. Coulehan, Marian R., M.D. Block

Publisher: F. A. Davis Company
Number Of Pages: 409
Publication Date: 2005-10
ISBN-10 / ASIN: 080361246X
ISBN-13 / EAN: 9780803612464

Product Description:

This new edition of The Medical Interview: Mastering Skills for Clinical Practice, 5th Edition, will help your students learn the art of conducting a medical interview and in the process hone their communication skills. In addition, the authors have created a downloadable interview organizer that students can use as a management tool for their first interviews. The book is appropriate for medical students and all levels of residents and is truly a must-read for anyone conducting a clinician-patient interview.

Summary: Another textbook that medical mandates you to purchase
Rating: 3

Just another textbook that medical mandates you to purchase. Check it out from the library and keep your money in your pocket. Quick read but dull at times.

Summary: Tedious, Dull, and mostly common sense
Rating: 1

I really loathe this book. It’s a dull, slow read. It’s full of ridiculously trite little examples. It will spend three full pages coming up with different ways to say "appear caring." An intelligent person could convey all the useful information in this book to someone in about 30 minutes.

I have an exam I know is based almost solely on this book, and I still feel like I wasted money on it.

Summary: Excellent manual for all healthcare provoders
Rating: 5

Many clinicians confuse conversation skills (which most people have) with professional communication skills (which most have had little formal training in at all).
The cinicians in our practice have found it helpful in becoming more patient-centered in the goals setting process. The payoff being that patients who are more involved in their goal setiing and treatment planning are usually are more adherent to their treatment plan and demonstrate better outcomes. The book does a good job describing the difference between the traditional clinician-centered interview proceess and the patient-centered interview process and helping us blend the two. It does a particularly good job at giving strategies of how to work with various types of patients, i.e. the reticent, passive, overly talkative etc..
Strong in the fundamentals. Practical.
Highly recommended

Summary: Not really necessary
Rating: 2

If you’ve ever held a conversation with another human, you don’t need this book.

Summary: This books sucks
Rating: 1

This book is a piece of doody. DO NOT BUY THIS BOOK. It seems as if it was written for robots to teach them how to interact with human patients. If you have any social skills whatsoever, you do not need to buy this book.

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The African Transformation of Western Medicine and the Dynamics of Global Cultural Exchange
by: David Baronov
en | Temple University Press

1592139159 9781592139156 B001O5CYN6

The African Transformation of Western Medicine and the Dynamics of Global Cultural Exchange
By David Baronov

Publisher: Temple University Press
Number Of Pages: 264
Publication Date: 2008-09-28
ISBN-10 / ASIN: 1592139159
ISBN-13 / EAN: 9781592139156

Book Description:

Beginning with the colonial era, Western biomedicine has radically transformed African medical beliefs and practices. Conversely, in using Western biomedicine, Africans have also transformed it. The African Transformation of Western Medicine and the Dynamics of Global Cultural Exchange contends that contemporary African medical systems—no less “biomedical” than Western medicine—in fact greatly enrich and expand the notion of biomedicine, reframing it as a global cultural form deployed across global networks of cultural exchange.

The book analyzes biomedicine as a complex and dynamic sociocultural form, the conceptual premises of which make it necessarily subject to ongoing change and development as it travels the globe. David Baronov captures the complexities of this cultural exchange by using world-systems analysis in a way that places global cultural processes on equal footing with political and economic processes. In doing so, he both allows the story of Africa’s transformation of “Western” biomedicine to be told and offers new insights into the capitalist world system.

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Neuropsychology (Neuromethods)
by: Alan A. Boulton, Glen B. Baker, Merrill Hiscock

Neuropsychology (Neuromethods)
By Alan A. Boulton, Glen B. Baker, Merrill Hiscock

Publisher: Humana Press
Number Of Pages: 381
Publication Date: 1990-10-31
ISBN-10 / ASIN: 0896031330
ISBN-13 / EAN: 9780896031333

Product Description:

In order to understand how the human brain functions, one must first understand its structure and mechanics. This exciting collection of methods offers proven techniques for productive work in this fast-paced field. Contributors-all widely known for their mastery of the major methods described here-have been specially selected to share their knowledge in this volume.

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Eating Behaviors, Volume 5, Issue 01 (January 2004)
by: Peter M. Miller (Executive Editor)
en | Elsevier Ltd.

Eating Behaviors is an international peer-reviewed scientific journal publishing human research on the etiology, prevention, and treatment of obesity, binge eating, and eating disorders in adults and children. Studies related to the promotion of healthy eating patterns to treat or prevent medical conditions (e.g., hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cancer) are also acceptable. Two types of manuscripts are encouraged: (1) Descriptive studies establishing functional relationships between eating behaviors and social, cognitive, environmental, attitudinal, emotional or biochemical factors; (2) Clinical outcome research evaluating the efficacy of prevention or treatment protocols.

While theoretical orientations are diverse, the emphasis of the journal is primarily empirical. That is, sound experimental design combined with valid, reliable assessment and evaluation procedures are a requisite for acceptance. Uncontrolled clinical demonstrations and case studies are not accepted for publication. A limited number of reviews are published.

——————————————————————————–

Table of Contents:

Publisher’s Note E-Submissions to Eating Behaviors. Page iii
Editorial Board. Page CO2.

Gender differences in compensatory behaviors, weight and shape salience, and drive for thinness. Charles B. Anderson, Cynthia M. Bulik. Pages 1-11
Abstract

Gender differences in compensatory behaviors, weight and shape salience, and drive for thinness have rarely been examined in nonclinical samples. The present study examines gender differences in a sample of 1111 male and 1510 female twins responding to a questionnaire on eating attitudes and behaviors. Logistic regression using generalized estimating equations (GEE) tested the extent to which gender could be predicted from compensatory behaviors, weight and shape salience, and drive for thinness. The results indicated that use of compensatory behaviors predicted female gender for all except exercise and “other,” where no gender differences were found. Greater importance of weight and shape also predicted female gender, as did drive for thinness. Findings with respect to exercise use and “other” compensatory behaviors have nosological implications for the eating disorders, especially as regards eating disorders in males. These findings suggest that both the nature and function of compensatory behaviors may differ by gender.

Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Gender differences
3. Nosology
4. Method
4.1. Participants
4.2. Measures
4.3. Statistical analyses
5. Results
6. Discussion
6.1. Limitations
6.2. Future research
Acknowledgements
References

Prevalence of eating disorders in female and male adolescents (14–15 years). Einar Kjelsås, Christian Bjørnstrøm, K. Gunnar Götestam. Pages 13-25
Abstract

Objective
The main aim of the present study is to establish the prevalence of eating disorders (ED) in adolescents of both genders. To our knowledge, such data have not previously been published using both DSM-IV and DSM-III-R criteria.

Method
The study sample consisted of 1960 adolescents (1026 girls and 934 boys), 14–15 years of age. The participants completed the Survey for Eating Disorders (SEDs), including DSM-III-R and DSM-IV diagnoses for all subcategories of ED.

Results
Lifetime prevalence of any ED among girls was 17.9% anorexia nervosa (AN) 0.7%, bulimia nervosa (BN) 1.2%, binge eating disorder (BED) 1.5%, and EDs not otherwise specified (EDNOS) 14.6%. Corresponding numbers for boys for any ED is 6.5%, AN 0.2%, BN 0.4%, BED 0.9%, and EDNOS 5.0%.

Discussion
Our prevalence rates on AN, BN, and BED largely support previous school/community-based studies, while our figures on EDNOS were rather high. Generally, we found high numbers for boys with ED.

Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Participants and procedures
2.2. Measures
2.3. Classification of EDs
2.4. Body weight and height
2.5. Data analysis
3. Results
3.1. Lifetime and point prevalence for ED based on the SEDs
3.2. Classifications without the BMI≤17.5 criteria
3.3. Special calculations on menarche
3.4. AN classified without criterion D (amenorrhea)
3.5. Prevalence of age-related eating disordered behaviors
3.6. Body perception
4. Discussion
4.1. Interpretation of the results
4.2. Methodological concerns
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References

Selective processing of linguistic and pictorial food stimuli in females with anorexia and bulimia nervosa. Kjell Morten Stormark, Øivind Torkildsen. Pages 27-33
Abstract

Purpose
This study investigated subjects with eating disorders’ selective attention to linguistic and pictorial representations of food stimuli in a version of the Stroop color-naming task. If subjects with eating disorders’ attention really are biased by food stimuli, one would expect equally delayed color-naming latencies to food pictures as previous studies have found to food words.

Method
Twenty females with eating disorders (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or a combination of both) and 24 female controls identified the color of Stroop versions of linguistic and pictorial representations of color, food, emotional, and neutral stimuli.

Results
The eating disorder group was slower than the controls in identifying the color of all words (including the food words) and the pictures depicting food stimuli (but not any of the other pictures). The eating disorder group was also slower in identifying the color of both food and emotional than neutral stimuli, both for the linguistic and pictorial stimuli.

Conclusion
These findings indicate that females with bulimia and anorexia nervosa’s biased attention to food stimuli are not restricted to linguistic representations. The delayed responses to the emotional words and pictures suggest that processing of negative emotional stimuli, in addition to dysfunctional concerns about stimuli related to food and eating, is important in the maintenance of eating disorders.

Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Method
2.1. Subjects
2.2. Apparatus
2.3. Stimuli
2.4. Procedure
2.5. Response definitions and statistical analyses
3. Results
3.1. Reaction times (RTs)
3.2. Response accuracy
4. Discussion
References

Bulimic symptoms and mood predict food relevant Stroop interference in women with troubled eating patterns. Dana L. Rofey, Kevin J. Corcoran, Giao Q. Tran. Pages 35-45
Abstract
Cognitive processing differences based on attentional biases of words pertaining to eating disorders were investigated to assess people’s pathological thoughts. Participants were 165 undergraduate women (mean AGE=19.2) at a large Midwestern university. This Stroop task that included color identification of three word groups (food-related words, neutral words, and color words) was administered to measure differential speed in cognitive processing of salient words in individuals with and without troubled eating patterns. As predicted by the moderator hypothesis, a statistically significant interaction effect between bulimic symptoms and negative mood was found on food-related reaction time. Post hoc analysis of the interaction showed that women endorsing more bulimic symptoms responded slower to food-related cues than women with fewer bulimic symptoms among individuals who reported negative mood. The study results indicate that women who have problematic eating patterns and experience negative mood are hyperattentive to food-related cues.

Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Method
2.1. Participants
2.2. Procedure
2.3. Instruments
2.3.1. The Bulimia Test—Revised
2.3.2. Positive and negative affect schedule
3. Results
3.1. Relationship between the BULIT-R and the number of food-related words remembered
3.2. Regression model for reaction time to food-related words
4. Discussion
4.1. Summary
4.2. Interpretation
4.3. Future research
References

Emotional activation of obese and normal women due to imagery and food content of verbal stimuli in a memory task. M. Fioravanti, C. M. Polzonetti, D. Nocca, G. Spera, S. Falcone, R. Lazzari, A. Colosimo. Pages 47-54
Abstract
The aim of this study is to look for correlation between a physiological variable (skin conductance, SCL) and cognitive variables (reaction time, RT and productivity score) obtained in a memory task. Subjects were 17 females, including 7 patients and 10 controls. Patients were recruited among women who went to a clinic for alimentary disorders because of obesity and volunteered for this study; controls were normal women of comparable age without any alimentary problem. Tonic variations of SCL were recorded by a computerized polygraph during the execution of the cognitive task, which consisted of a computerized presentation of frequent, everyday used words evenly divided according to an alimentary/nonalimentary content and to a high/low imagery quality. The acquisition session was followed by an immediate recognition session where subjects were asked to identify the previously presented words among an equal number of similar words not included in the acquisition list. The two session series (acquisition and recognition) were repeated three times to evaluate the learning curve and habituation. This same procedure was separately performed with high imagery alimentary/nonalimentary words and with another list of low imagery alimentary/nonalimentary words. During the recognition tasks, both RT and productivity scores were recorded. A correlation analysis between cognitive and physiological variables was carried out to explore how subjects with different attitudes to food react in cognitive and somatic terms when exposed to verbal stimuli concerning this topic and to neutral verbal stimuli. Results show that obese patients have a different emotional activation in front of these verbal stimuli where both the cognitive activity and the somatic responses are affected by their involvement with the verbal stimuli. On the contrary, the imagery effect does not seem to be influenced by the content and by the idiosyncratic reactions to it of the specific groups of subjects.

Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Materials and methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Experimental protocol
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Uncited references
References

The validity of subjective measures of body image disturbance. J. Scott Mizes, Michelle Heffner, James K. Madison, Paula Varnado-Sullivan. Pages 55-66
Abstract

Objective
We examined weight dissatisfaction (actual weight minus self-stated ideal weight) and weight goal (normative weight minus self-stated ideal weight) subjective indices in a large clinical sample to determine how the indices discriminate between diagnostic categories and relate to other measures of body image disturbance.

Method
Approximately 200 anorexic, bulimic, and eating disorder not otherwise specified (NOS) participants reported their self-stated ideal weight and completed the Mizes Anorectic Cognitions (MAC) Questionnaire, Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI), and Restraint Scale-Revised.

Results
Compared with bulimic and NOS participants, anorexics reported less weight dissatisfaction but had an ideal weight that is farthest from normative weight. The weight dissatisfaction measure correlates well with other measures of body image disturbance, and both measures show evidence of discriminant validity.

Discussion
These two measures highlight the substantial differences in the nature of body image disturbance between the eating disorder diagnostic groups. Theoretical, clinical, and practical implications are discussed.

Article Outline
1. Introduction
1.1. Perceptual distortion
1.2. Subjective measures
2. Method
2.1. Participants
2.2. Procedure
2.3. Measures
3. Results
3.1. Demographic data
3.2. Weight dissatisfaction
3.3. Weight goal
3.4. Weight dissatisfaction (BMI units) correlates
3.5. Weight goal (BMI units) correlates
4. Discussion
References

Hyperactivity in anorexia nervosa: A case study using experience sampling methodology. Kristof Vansteelandt, Guido Pieters, Walter Vandereycken, Laurence Claes, Michel Probst, Iven Van Mechelen. Pages 67-74
Abstract
Hyperactivity is frequently observed in eating disorders, and several biopsychological mechanisms have been proposed to explain its pathogenetic role. In view of the lack of a reliable method to study hyperactive behavior, we did an experiment with experience sampling methodology (ESM). During 1 week, an anorexia nervosa (AN) patient was asked at nine random times a day to report her momentary tendency to be physically active, her emotions and several other variables including calorie expenditure, drive for thinness, attractiveness, obsessions, compulsions, and attitudes towards hyperactivity. Results indicate that the patient’s tendency to be hyperactive was (a) positively related to her weight preoccupation and her negative emotions, and (b) negatively related to her positive emotions and the absence of depression. In this patient, obsessions and compulsions were not related to hyperactivity. The usefulness of ESM for studying the role of hyperactivity in AN is discussed.

Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Method
2.1. Participant
2.2. Materials
2.3. Procedure
2.4. Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Acknowledgements
References

Fear of negative appearance evaluation: Development and evaluation of a new construct for risk factor work in the field of eating disorders. Jennifer D. Lundgren, Drew A. Anderson, Joel Kevin Thompson. Pages 75-84
Abstract
The psychometric properties and correlates of a measure designed to assess fear of negative appearance evaluation are presented. In Study 1, 165 college females completed the Fear of Negative Appearance Evaluation Scale [FNAES; Thomas, C.M., Keery, H., Williams, R., & Thompson, J. K. (1998, November). The Fear of Negative Appearance Evaluation Scale: Development and preliminary validation. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy, Washington, DC] along with measures of body image, eating disturbance, and depression. Results replicated previous analyses indicating the presence of a single factor, good internal consistency, and significant association with measures of body image and eating disturbance. Additionally, the FNAES accounted for unique variance beyond that explained by general fear of negative evaluation, and other measures of body image and eating disturbance, in the prediction of body shape dysphoria, dietary restraint, and trait anxiety. Study 2 further examined the validity of the FNAES, finding it to correlate significantly with measures of social physique anxiety, body image, eating attitude, and mood. The FNAES did not significantly correlate with body mass index (BMI). Regression analyses found the FNAES to predict levels of body image, eating attitude, and mood beyond variance explained by social physique anxiety. The FNAES appears to measure a conceptually unique aspect of body image that has not been indexed by previous measures and may serve a useful role in risk factor and preventive work.

Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Study 1
2.1. Method
2.1.1. Participants
2.1.2. Measures
2.1.2.1. Fear of Negative Appearance Evaluation Scale
2.1.2.2. Body Shape Questionnaire
2.1.2.3. Body image assessment—obesity
2.1.2.4. Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire: Cognitive Restraint Scale
2.1.2.5. Restraint scale
2.1.2.6. Beck Depression Inventory II
2.1.2.7. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) Form Y Anxiety Scale: Trait Anxiety Scale
2.1.2.8. Fear of Negative Evaluation
2.1.3. Procedure
2.2. Results
2.3. Discussion of Study 1
3. Study 2
3.1. Method
3.1.1. Participants
3.1.2. Measures
3.1.2.1. Multidimensional Body–Self Relations Questionnaire—Appearance Scales
3.1.2.2. Multi-Axial Eating Disorder Scale
3.1.2.3. Social Physique Anxiety Scale
3.1.2.4. Beck Depression Inventory II
3.1.2.5. Rosenberg Self-Esteem Inventory
3.1.3. Procedure
3.2. Results
4. General discussion
Appendix A. Fear of Appearance Evaluation Scale
References

Weight loss and health-related quality of life: Results at 1-year follow-up. Kevin R. Fontaine, Ivan Barofsky, Susan J. Bartlett, Shawn C. Franckowiak, Ross E. Andersen. Pages 85-88
Abstract
To evaluate the 1-year results of treatment-induced weight loss on health-related quality of life (HRQL), 32 mildly to moderately overweight persons who participated in a 13-week weight loss program completed the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36) at baseline, immediately after the program, and at 1-year follow-up. At 1 year, 65.6% of participants maintained at least some weight loss. The improvements on HRQL observed immediately after treatment on the physical functioning, role-physical, general health, vitality, and mental health scales of the SF-36 were maintained only on the general health and vitality scales at 1 year. There were no significant differences between weight maintainers and weight regainers on change from baseline to 1-year follow-up on HRQL. Our findings suggest that treatment-induced weight loss among mildly to moderately overweight persons improves HRQL and that at least some of these benefits are maintained at 1-year follow-up regardless of whether the weight loss is maintained.

Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Method
3. Results
4. Discussion
References

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Eating Behaviors, Volume 5, Issue 04 (November 2004)
by: Peter M. Miller (Executive Editor)
en | Elsevier Ltd.

Eating Behaviors is an international peer-reviewed scientific journal publishing human research on the etiology, prevention, and treatment of obesity, binge eating, and eating disorders in adults and children. Studies related to the promotion of healthy eating patterns to treat or prevent medical conditions (e.g., hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cancer) are also acceptable. Two types of manuscripts are encouraged: (1) Descriptive studies establishing functional relationships between eating behaviors and social, cognitive, environmental, attitudinal, emotional or biochemical factors; (2) Clinical outcome research evaluating the efficacy of prevention or treatment protocols.

While theoretical orientations are diverse, the emphasis of the journal is primarily empirical. That is, sound experimental design combined with valid, reliable assessment and evaluation procedures are a requisite for acceptance. Uncontrolled clinical demonstrations and case studies are not accepted for publication. A limited number of reviews are published.

——————————————————————————–

Table of Contents:

Editorial Board. Page CO2.

Perfectionism, low self-esteem, and family factors as predictors of bulimic behavior. Emily A. Young, James R. Clopton, M. Kathryn Bleckley. Pages 273-283
Abstract
A previous study found that self-reported body dissatisfaction, depression, and peer pressure to maintain a thin body shape were significant predictors of bulimic behavior in college women, but that family functioning was not a significant predictor [Eat. Behav. 2 (2001) 323]. The current study examined whether perfectionism, low self-esteem, and a more specific family variable—perceived pressure from the family to be thin—predicted any additional variance in eating-disordered behavior after significant variables from the previous study had been taken into account. As in the previous study, self-reported body dissatisfaction, depression, and peer pressure to maintain a thin body shape were significant predictors of bulimic behavior. Perceived weight-related pressure from the family was also a significant predictor. In contrast, high parental expectations were found to predict lower levels of bulimic behavior and to moderate the effects of peer influence on bulimic behavior. The variables found in this study
to be related to bulimic behavior may be useful targets for clinical intervention for women with disturbed eating patterns.

Article Outline
1. Introduction
1.1. Family functioning
1.2. Peer pressure
1.3. Self-esteem
1.4. Perfectionism
1.5. Body dissatisfaction
1.6. Depression
1.7. Rationale for the current study
2. Method
2.1. Participants
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ; Cooper, Taylor, Cooper, & Fairburn, 1987)
2.2.2. The Bulimia Test-Revised (Thelen, Farmer, Wonderlich, & Smith, 1991)
2.2.3. Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depressed Mood Scale (CES-D; Radloff, 1977)
2.2.4. Peer, Media, and Family Influence Scales
2.2.5. Weight ratio
2.2.6. Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS; Frost et al., 1990)
2.2.7. Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES; Rosenberg, 1965)
2.3. Procedure
3. Results
3.1. Preliminary regression analyses
3.2. Multiple regression analysis
3.2.1. Simple effects
3.2.2. Interaction effects
4. Discussion
Acknowledgements
References

Social anxiety and agoraphobia in the eating disorders: Associations with eating attitudes and behaviours. Hendrik Hinrichsen, Glenn Waller, Karen van Gerko. Pages 285-290
Abstract

Background
While eating disorders have a high comorbidity with anxiety disorders, little is presently known about how anxiety links to eating attitudes and behaviours and other related characteristics of eating-disordered individuals. The present study aimed to determine whether social anxiety and agoraphobia in eating-disordered individuals are linked to different eating attitudes and behaviours and levels of ego functioning.

Method
The participants were 70 women who met DSM-IV criteria for an eating disorder. The Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) was used as a measure of eating attitudes and ego-functioning characteristics, while the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory (SPAI) was used as a measure of levels of social anxiety and agoraphobia.

Results
High scores on the eating attitude scales of the EDI were associated with higher levels of social anxiety in eating-disordered individuals. High scores on the ego-dysfunction scales of the EDI were associated with higher levels of social anxiety and agoraphobia. Conclusions. The present findings suggest that eating-related attitudes and behaviours are associated with high levels of social anxiety, while psychological characteristics not specifically related to eating are associated with anxiety more broadly. The results highlight the importance of identifying and addressing comorbid anxiety in eating-disordered individuals, and suggestions are made for the treatment of such cases. Implications for future research are also discussed.

Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Method
2.1. Participants
2.2. Measures and procedure
2.2.1. Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory
2.2.2. Eating Disorder Inventory
2.3. Data analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Acknowledgements
References

Predictors of body image dissatisfaction and disturbed eating attitudes and behaviors in African American and Hispanic girls. Jillon S. Vander Wal, Nancy Thomas. Pages 291-301
Abstract

Disturbed eating attitudes and behaviors are widespread among girls in the United States. Because obesity is one of the leading risk factors for eating disorder development, African American and Hispanic girls may be at heightened risk due to their greater prevalence and degree of overweight. The present study examined the associations among disturbed eating attitudes and behaviors, body image dissatisfaction, weight classification, fears of negative evaluation, and coping skills among 139 African American and Hispanic girls in Grades 4 and 5 from a low-income urban area. African American girls had significantly lower body image dissatisfaction than Hispanic girls. Significant predictors of body image dissatisfaction included fear of negative evaluation and weight classification. Fear of negative evaluation was also a significant predictor of disturbed eating attitudes and behaviors. Overall, 10.1% of the African American girls and 12.7% of the Hispanic girls qualified for a diagnosis of a probable eating disorder. Girls with eating disorders had greater fears of negative evaluation and engaged in more cognitive avoidance. Both groups are at risk of eating disorder development.

Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Method
2.1. Participants
2.2. Measures
2.3. Procedure
3. Results
3.1. Preliminary analyses
3.2. Predictors of body esteem
3.3. Predictors of disturbed eating attitudes and behaviors
3.4. Eating disorder comparisons
3.5. Anecdote 1
3.6. Anecdote 2
4. Discussion
References

A preliminary analysis of binge episodes: Comparison of a treatment-seeking sample of Black and White women. Jaime L. Gayle, Marian L. Fitzgibbon, Zoran Martinovich. Pages 303-313
Abstract

Objective
This study sought to examine differences in the nutritional composition of binges, both qualitatively and quantitatively, between participants with binge eating disorder (BED) and bulimia nervosa (BN) taken from a sample of treatment-seeking Black and White women. Overall qualitative and quantitative differences between diagnostic categories, regardless of ethnicity, were also explored.

Method
Patients seeking treatment for eating disorders were assessed on binge content. Black (n=26) and White (n=26) participants were matched on age and body mass index (BMI).

Results
The binges of individuals with BN were lower in percent protein, but higher in calories, carbohydrates, and sugar, than those individuals with BED. However, there was little difference as a function of ethnicity between treatment-seeking Black and White women.

Discussion
Preliminary data suggest that health professionals are faced with similar binge eating pathology, regardless of ethnicity, despite, probably, etiologic variation. The importance of the role of ethnicity in the expression of eating disorders is discussed.

Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Procedure
2.3. Measures
2.4. Categorization of participants
2.5. Data analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
References

Cognitive load, stress, and disinhibited eating. Paul Lattimore, Linda Maxwell. Pages 315-324
Abstract
The impact of cognitive distraction on eating behaviour was examined in restrained and unrestrained eaters. It was predicted that restrained eaters would eat more than unrestrained eaters following high cognitive load when it involves processing of ego-threat information independent of self-reported anxiety. There were 119 female participants randomly allocated to one of four experimental conditions whereby cognitive load and ego threat were manipulated using modified colour-naming Stroop (CNS) tasks. Anxiety ratings were made prior to and following experimental tasks. After performing Stroop tasks, participants consumed snack foods ad libitum. Restrained eaters consumed significantly more food when high cognitive load was ego threatening than when it involved processing and memorisation of colour nouns and consumed significantly more than unrestrained eaters in a high cognitive load ego-threat condition. Posttask anxiety was greater than baseline across all conditions. Task difficulty was greater under high cognitive load than low cognitive load as indicated by Stroop response times. These results indicated that the escape theory of disinhibited eating is conceptually subsumed by a more generalisable limited cognitive capacity model.

Article Outline
1. Introduction
1.1. Ego threat and disinhibited eating
1.2. Limited cognitive capacity and disinhibited eating
1.3. Overview of the current study and hypotheses
2. Method
2.1. Participants
2.2. Design
2.3. Measures
2.3.1. Experimental tasks
2.4. Self-report measures
2.4.1. Anxiety
2.4.2. Hunger
2.4.3. Dietary restraint
2.4.4. Taste test
2.5. Procedure
2.6. Data reduction and analysis
3. Results
3.1. Distraction and disinhibition hypothesis
3.1.1. Anxiety hypothesis
3.1.2. Task difficulty hypothesis
4. Discussion
Acknowledgements
References

High prevalence of abnormal eating and weight control practices among U.S. high-school students. Valerie Forman-Hoffman. Pages 325-336
Abstract

Objective
This study sought to determine the prevalence and to identify correlates of abnormal eating and weight control practices in U.S. high-school students.

Method
A three-stage cluster design technique was used to select 15,349 students from 144 different high schools. Each completed the 1999 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) Questionnaire.

Results
Abnormal eating and weight control practices during the past month were reported by over 26% of female students and 10% of male students. Rates of abnormal eating and weight control practices varied by ethnicity and geographic location. Other correlates of abnormal eating and weight control practices included having an underweight body mass index (BMI): (OR=1.39, 95% CI=1.01–1.91), exercising to control weight in past 30 days (OR=1.51, 95% CI=1.30–1.76), dieting to control weight in past 30 days (OR=3.89, 95% CI=2.65–5.73), and interactions between gender and both weight perception and weight satisfaction.

Discussion
The high proportion of U.S. high-school students who have participated in abnormal eating and weight control practices in the past month demands immediate attention. The identified correlates may help target prevention and control programs.

Article Outline
1. Introduction
1.1. Dieting
1.2. Fasting
1.3. Diet pills
1.4. Vomiting and laxative use
2. Methods
2.1. Analytic approach
2.2. Instrument
2.3. Sample
2.4. Measurement
2.5. Statistical analysis
2.6. Sample characteristics
3. Results
3.1. Anthropologic measurements, weight concern, and weight control behavior characteristics
3.2. Disordered eating rates
3.3. Predictors of eating disorder symptoms
4. Discussion
4.1. Limitations
4.2. Strengths
4.3. Future directions

References

Relations among exercise, coping, disordered eating, and psychological health among college students. Jennifer Thome, Dorothy L. Espelage. Pages 337-351
Abstract

Researchers have long been interested in the coping styles of individuals who display disordered eating characteristics. Recently, exercise has been recognized as both a behavior and coping strategy that might be present among individuals with disordered eating. The present study evaluates the role of exercise as both a coping mechanism and as a health behavior in relation to eating pathology and other measures of psychological health in a nonclinical university population. Female (n=235) and male (n=86) undergraduate students completed questionnaires that assessed exercise behavior, coping strategies, eating attitudes, self-esteem, life satisfaction, affect, depression, and anxiety. The results indicate that the relations among exercise, coping, and eating pathology is complex. Exercise was related to positive psychological health in males, whereas exercise in females was associated with both positive and negative psychological health. For women with high Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) scores, exercise was significantly associated with negative affect, and a trend existed in this group such that exercise was associated with higher levels of depression and anxiety. Conversely, for women with low EAT scores, exercise was associated with positive affect. This suggests that exercise might be differentially associated with mental health based on the presence or absence of eating pathology.

Article Outline
1. Relations among exercise, coping, eating, and psychological health in subclinical sample
1.1. Stress and coping
1.2. Exercise and psychological health
1.3. Exercise and coping
1.4. Current study
1.5. Hypotheses
2. Method
2.1. Participants
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Demographic questionnaire
2.2.2. Coping inventory for stressful situations
2.2.3. Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)
2.2.4. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)
2.2.5. Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS)
2.2.6. Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale (RSE)
2.2.7. Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)
2.2.8. Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26)
2.2.9. Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire
2.2.10. Fitness inventory
2.3. Data analyses
2.4. Procedures
3. Results
3.1. Exercise as a coping function
3.1.1. Exploratory factor analysis
3.1.2. Item-level confirmatory factor analysis (CFA)
3.1.3. Item-parcel CFA
3.2. Exercise and psychological health
3.3. Gender differences in exercise and mental health
3.4. Impact of exercise coping and behavior on disordered eating
4. Discussion
Acknowledgements
References

Effects of disordered eating and obesity on weight, craving, and food intake during ad libitum smoking and abstinence. Karen K. Saules, Cynthia S. Pomerleau, Sandy M. Snedecor, Rebecca Namenek Brouwer, Erin E. M. Rosenberg. Pages 353-363
Abstract

Although there is empirical support for the association between smoking, disordered eating, and subsequent weight gain upon smoking cessation, there have been no prospective studies to track changes in eating patterns during smoking abstinence and explore underlying biobehavioral processes. To help fill these gaps, we recruited four groups of women (N=48, 12/group) based on presence vs. absence of obesity and on low vs. high risk of severe dieting and/or binge-eating to participate in a laboratory study of eating in the context of ad libitum smoking and smoking abstinence. Participants [mean age 31.3 years; Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence (FTND) 4.3; smoking rate 18.7 cigarettes/day] completed two sessions: one after ad libitum smoking, the other after 2 days’ smoking abstinence, in counterbalanced order. After a half-day’s restricted eating, participants watched a video, with measured amounts of preselected preferred food available throughout. Cigarettes were available during the ad libitum smoking session. High-risk women weighed more after 2 days’ abstinence than during the ad libitum smoking condition, whereas low-risk women did not differ across conditions. Nicotine craving changed significantly more in anticipation of nicotine deprivation for high-BMI women than their low-BMI counterparts. Caloric intake was marginally attenuated during abstinence for low-BMI compared with high-BMI participants (P<.10), an effect primarily accounted for by differences in protein intake (P<.10). These findings suggest that low-BMI women may be less prone to weight gain during early abstinence, possibly because they compensate for metabolic changes induced by nicotine washout by eating less. Craving increases experienced by high-BMI women during abstinence under conditions of food deprivation may contribute to difficulty quitting in these women.

Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Method
2.1. Participants
2.1.1. Classification of participants
2.2. Procedure
3. Results
3.1. Smoking
3.2. Weight after 2 days’ abstinence and after ad libitum smoking
3.3. Presession withdrawal and craving
3.4. Food and nutrient intake
4. Discussion
Acknowledgements
References

Automatic and nonautomatic processes in dietary restraint: Further evidence for a commonality between food and drug abstinence. Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, Gemma L. Witcomb. Pages 365-373
Abstract

The deleterious effect of dietary restraint on cognitive performance is now well established. However, recent evidence suggests that this impairment shares characteristics with those found in abstinent drug users. In this study, high (n=21) and low-to-medium restrained eaters (n=41) completed a reaction-time task, once while imagining their favourite food and once while imagining their favourite holiday. Afterwards, these participants ate lunch and then completed a second set of reaction-time measures. Both before and after lunch, ratings of the vividness of the scenarios were similar across groups. Likewise, the groups produced similar ratings of hunger, thirst, and desire to eat. However, as predicted, performance was significantly impaired in restrained eaters, but only while imagining food, and only before lunch. No impairments were observed in the low-to-medium restrained group. This finding provides further evidence that Tiffany’s [Psychol. Rev. 97 (1990) 147] model of drug-related urges can be generalised to dietary restraint. The merits of conceptualising dietary restraint in terms of automatic and nonautomatic processes are discussed, together with suggestions for future research.

Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Method
2.1. Participants
2.2. Design and procedure
2.2.1. The SRT task
2.2.2. Data analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
References

Use of the Weight Efficacy Lifestyle Questionnaire with African American women: Validation and extension of previous findings. Gareth R. Dutton, Pamela Davis Martin, Paula C. Rhode, Phillip J. Brantley. Pages 375-384
Abstract

While the Weight Efficacy Lifestyle Questionnaire (WEL) shows promise as a measure of self-efficacy for eating control, there is a lack of research examining the psychometric properties of this measure with ethnic minorities. The current study examined the WEL with a sample of 144 overweight and obese African American females. Analyses indicated similar self-efficacy levels compared to predominantly Caucasian samples. Supporting the validity of the WEL, participants undergoing obesity treatment demonstrated modest improvement in WEL scores, while standard care participants showed no changes in self-efficacy over time. Factor analysis indicated a four-factor structure rather than the five factors previously found. The four-factor structure accounted for 61.85% of the variance. Results indicate the WEL may be a valid measure of self-efficacy for overweight and obese African American women, although researchers should be mindful of the variation in scale properties when using the WEL with this population.

Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Method
2.1. Participants
2.2. Assessment
2.2.1. Weight self-efficacy
2.2.2. Weight
2.3. Procedure
2.3.1. Physician training
2.3.2. Treatment protocol
3. Results
3.1. Scale properties and factor analysis
3.2. WEL changes during treatment
4. Discussion
Acknowledgements
References

Author Index Eating Behaviors Volume 5, 2004. Pages 385-386

Contents. Pages 387-389

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Eating Behaviors, Volume 5, Issue 03 (July 2004)
by: Peter M. Miller (Executive Editor)
en | Elsevier Ltd.

Eating Behaviors is an international peer-reviewed scientific journal publishing human research on the etiology, prevention, and treatment of obesity, binge eating, and eating disorders in adults and children. Studies related to the promotion of healthy eating patterns to treat or prevent medical conditions (e.g., hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cancer) are also acceptable. Two types of manuscripts are encouraged: (1) Descriptive studies establishing functional relationships between eating behaviors and social, cognitive, environmental, attitudinal, emotional or biochemical factors; (2) Clinical outcome research evaluating the efficacy of prevention or treatment protocols.

While theoretical orientations are diverse, the emphasis of the journal is primarily empirical. That is, sound experimental design combined with valid, reliable assessment and evaluation procedures are a requisite for acceptance. Uncontrolled clinical demonstrations and case studies are not accepted for publication. A limited number of reviews are published.

——————————————————————————–

Table of Contents:

Editorial Board. Page CO2.

Ethnic differences in preferences for female weight and waist-to-hip ratio: A comparison of African–American and White American college and community samples. Rachel E.K Freedman, Michele M Carter, Tracy Sbrocco, James J Gray. Pages 191-198
Abstract

This study examined both ethnic differences and differences between college and community samples in male preferences for ideal body size and shape in women. As expected, it was found that African–American men were more likely to choose heavier figures as ideal than White American men did. Contrary to expectations, there were no differences in chosen ideal weight between college and community subsamples. As expected, both ethnic groups chose figures with a low waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), but African–American men were more likely to choose a very low WHR as ideal. The findings replicate and extend research showing weight to be a more important cue than WHR in the mate-selection process and support the theory that African–American men’s preferences may serve as a protective factor against eating and body image pathology in African–American women.

Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Demographic questionnaire
2.2.2. Height and weight
2.2.3. Stimuli
2.2.4. Procedure
3. Results
3.1. Singh figures: Ideal and least favorite WHR
3.2. Singh figures: Ideal and least favorite weights
4. Discussion
References

What a difference a diet makes: Towards an understanding of differences between restrained dieters and restrained nondieters. Michael R Lowe, C.Alix Timko. Pages 199-208
Abstract
Restrained eaters who are and are not dieting to lose weight have shown opposite eating regulation patterns in past research. To better understand these differences, restraint theory and the Three-Factor Model of Dieting was used to generate differential predictions about the mean and variability of restrained dieters (RDs) and restrained nondieters (RNDs) on the eating inventory Cognitive Restraint (CR) scale and the Restraint Scale (RS). Unrestrained nondieters served as a reference group. Eighty normal-weight female college students completed the CR, RS, and a measure of weight cycling. RDs, relative to RNDs, obtained higher and more homogeneous scores on the Cognitive Restraint, and higher and more heterogeneous scores on the RS. A post hoc analysis found that RDs had a much greater weight cycling history than RNDs. These findings are most consistent with the Three-Factor Model of Dieting, but also point to needed revisions both in this model and in traditional restraint theory.

Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Method
2.1. Participants
2.2. Materials
2.2.1. Demographic and dieting questionnaire
2.2.2. Revised RS (Herman & Polivy, 1980)
2.2.3. CR scale of the eating inventory (Stunkard & Messick, 1985)
2.3. Design and procedure
3. Results
4. Discussion
Acknowledgements
References

Similarities and differences between women and men on eating disorder risk factors and symptom measures. Laura M Boerner, Nichea S Spillane, Kristen G Anderson, Gregory T Smith. Pages 209-222
Abstract

Researchers studying eating disorders in men often use eating disorder risk and symptom measures that have been validated only on women. Using a sample of 215 college women and 214 college men, we report on the validity of doing so with a set of measures chosen to reflect a wide range of risk factors and symptoms. The Bulimia Test-revised (BULIT-R), the restraint scale (RS), the three-factor eating questionnaire (TFEQ), the Eating Expectancy Inventory, and the eating attitudes test (EAT) all had the same factor structures for both genders, and tests of invariance showed that factor loadings, factor variances, and intercorrelations among factors were equivalent across gender. A modified Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV anorexic symptoms questionnaire did not perform adequately for either gender. Men produced slightly less reliable scores on virtually all measures, with the result that Pearson-based estimates of correlations among the measures were slightly lower for men. Men had lower scores on symptom and risk measures, but not on other eating measures.

Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Method
2.1. Participants
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Bulimia Test-revised
2.2.2. Structured interview for the DSM-IV—research form
2.2.3. Eating expectancies inventory (EEI; Hohlstein et al., 1998)
2.2.4. The three-factor eating questionnaire (TFEQ; Stunkard & Messick, 1985)
2.2.5. The eating attitudes test (EAT; Garner & Garfinkel, 1979)
2.2.6. The restraint scale
2.3. Procedure
2.4. Data analysis
2.4.1. Structural equation modeling
2.4.2. Data analytic plan
3. Results
3.1. Factor structures of risk and symptom measures as a function of gender
3.1.1. Bulimia Test-revised
3.1.2. Structured interview for the DSM-IV-research form
3.1.3. EEI factor structure
3.1.4. The three-factor eating questionnaire
3.1.5. The EAT
3.1.6. The restraint scale
3.2. Intercorrelations among risk and symptom measures
3.3. Internal consistency reliabilities and intercorrelations of measures
3.3.1. Mean differences on risk and symptom measures by gender
4. Discussion
References

An experimental analysis of the role of schema compensation in anorexia nervosa. Victoria Mountford, Glenn Waller, Derrick Watson, Peter Scragg. Pages 223-230
Abstract
It has been suggested that the relatively poor effectiveness of treatments for anorexia nervosa is due to a poor conceptualisation of the disorder. One hypothesis is that current models are mistakenly targeting superficial, instead of deeper level, cognitions and cognitive processes. A schema-based cognitive–behavioural model of eating disorder pathology suggests that the process of schema compensation is key to restrictive pathology—when there is the threat of experiencing negative affect, compensatory schemas are activated, reducing that affect. The current experimental study aimed to provide support for such a process. Eating-disordered and control women completed a computer-based task, measuring the compensation process in terms of speed and accuracy in response to subliminal threat cues. The results did not fully support the hypothesis, suggesting that the model and methodology need some amendment. Improvements to the methodology are discussed.

Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Method
2.1. Design
2.2. Participants
2.3. Measures and procedure
2.4. Experimental task
2.5. Data analysis
3. Results
3.1. Differences in search times
3.2. Differences in search accuracy
4. Discussion
References

Chewing and spitting in eating disorders and its relationship to binge eating. Angela S Guarda, Janelle W Coughlin, Molly Cummings, Angela Marinilli, Nancy Haug, Michael Boucher, Leslie J Heinberg. Pages 231-239
Abstract

Objective
This study examined (i) the frequency of chewing and spitting and (ii) its association with other pathological eating behaviors in eating-disordered inpatients. We hypothesized a positive association between chewing and spitting and binge eating given the phenomenological similarities between these disordered eating behaviors.

Method
Frequent chewers/spitters were compared with those who did not regularly engage in this behavior with regard to diagnosis, psychometric test results, and associated eating pathology.

Results
Chewing and spitting was not associated with elevated bingeing. Rather, frequent chewers/spitters exhibited higher levels of restrictive eating behaviors and the behavior was more prevalent in younger patients.

Discussion
Contrary to our predictions, chewing and spitting is more closely associated with restrictive than with binge behaviors. This suggests that most individuals chew and spit small portions of food. The behavior is frequent, occurs across diagnostic groups, and may be associated with greater psychopathology. Future studies should clarify the amount of food consumed during chew/spit episodes and the presence of a sense of loss of control.

Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Method
2.1. Participants
2.2. Measures
2.3. Data analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
References

Energy and macronutrient intake in bulimia nervosa. Georg W Alpers, Brunna Tuschen-Caffier. Pages 241-249
Abstract
Energy deprivation and malnutrition are often thought to be key factors in the maintenance of bulimia nervosa (BN). Our review shows that it is unclear how much energy is actually available to BN patients’ metabolism because the contribution of food consumed during binge eating is generally neglected. Also, there is little evidence for another key hypothesis that binge-eating episodes are triggered by carbohydrate craving. This study examined energy consumption and macronutrient composition of meals and binge-eating episodes in food diaries. Forty female BN patients, 40 female panic disorder (PD) patients, and 40 healthy women recorded their food intake while in their natural environment during two consecutive days. We did not find the expected evidence for chronic energy deprivation and malnutrition in BN patients. Also, there was no evidence that carbohydrate craving drives binge eating. The implications for models of BN and for treatments targeting eating behavior are discussed.

Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Method
2.1. Participants
2.1.1. Sample characteristics
2.1.2. Questionnaire data
2.2. Data analysis
2.2.1. Assessment of eating behavior
2.2.2. Energy and macronutrients
2.2.3. Net energy intake
2.2.4. Statistical analyses
3. Results
3.1. Energy intake
3.1.1. Binge eating
3.1.2. Remaining energy, nonbinge meals, and total consumption
3.2. Macronutrient composition of meals
3.2.1. Nonbinge meals in BN patients versus control groups
3.2.2. Binge eating versus nonbinge meals in BN patients
4. Discussion
Acknowledgements
References

Dietary restraint and self-esteem as predictors of weight gain over an 8-year time period. Marika Tiggemann. Pages 251-259
Abstract
The study aimed to assess dietary restraint and self-esteem as predictors of weight change over a time period of 8 years. Questionnaires assessing self-reported weight, body dissatisfaction, dietary restraint, and self-esteem were completed by 77 young adults (19 men and 58 women) on two occasions separated by 8 years. On average, participants gained approximately 6 kg over the 8 years. Although neither dietary restraint nor self-esteem predicted weight change on its own, their interaction did. Furthermore, the relationship between restraint and weight change was best described as curvilinear. It was concluded that dietary restraint is predictive of subsequent weight gain, but in a more complex way than previously assumed.

Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Method
2.1. Participants
2.2. Procedure
2.3. Measures
2.3.1. Weight and height
2.3.2. Body dissatisfaction
2.3.3. Dietary restraint
2.3.4. Self-esteem
3. Results
3.1. Change over time
3.2. Restraint and self-esteem as predictors of weight change
3.3. Differences between weight-change groups
4. Discussion
References

The role of sensitivity to external food cues in attentional allocation to food words on dot probe and Stroop tasks. Linda Johansson, Ata Ghaderi, Gerhard Andersson. Pages 261-271
Abstract
The role of sensitivity of external food cues in producing attentional bias toward food-, body-weight-, and shape-related words on the Stroop and the dot probe tasks was examined. Contrary to expectations, individuals high in responsiveness to external food cues directed attention away from food words, whereas individuals low in responsiveness to external food cues directed their attention toward food words on the dot probe task. No significant differences were found between the groups high and low in sensitivity to external food cues for body words on the dot probe task or for food or body words on the Stroop task. Results are discussed with reference to theoretical views of differences between the Stroop and the dot probe tasks.

Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Method
2.1. Participants
2.2. Materials and measures
2.2.1. Measures of cognitive bias
2.3. Self-report questionnaires
2.4. Procedure
3. Results
3.1. Self-report measures
3.2. Attentional bias indices
4. Discussion
Acknowledgements
Appendix A. Appendix
References

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Eating Behaviors, Volume 5, Issue 02 (May 2004)
by: Peter M. Miller (Executive Editor)
en | Elsevier Ltd.

Eating Behaviors is an international peer-reviewed scientific journal publishing human research on the etiology, prevention, and treatment of obesity, binge eating, and eating disorders in adults and children. Studies related to the promotion of healthy eating patterns to treat or prevent medical conditions (e.g., hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cancer) are also acceptable. Two types of manuscripts are encouraged: (1) Descriptive studies establishing functional relationships between eating behaviors and social, cognitive, environmental, attitudinal, emotional or biochemical factors; (2) Clinical outcome research evaluating the efficacy of prevention or treatment protocols.

While theoretical orientations are diverse, the emphasis of the journal is primarily empirical. That is, sound experimental design combined with valid, reliable assessment and evaluation procedures are a requisite for acceptance. Uncontrolled clinical demonstrations and case studies are not accepted for publication. A limited number of reviews are published.

——————————————————————————–

Table of Contents:

Editorial Board. Page CO2.
Is beauty in the eye of the beholder?: Effects of weight and shape on attractiveness ratings of female line drawings by restrained and nonrestrained eaters. Catherine A. Forestell, Tara M. Humphrey, Sherry H. Stewart. Pages 89-101
Abstract
This study tested the differences between restrained and nonrestrained eaters’ attractiveness perceptions of female line drawings, of their own figures, and the ideal female figure. Female line drawings varied systematically in body weight and in waist and hip circumference. Forty-six female undergraduate students, 23 nonrestrainers and 23 restrainers, rated stimuli in attractiveness, identified the figure which best represented their own body type (PAF), and the ideal body figure (IF) according to the Restraint Scale [RS; Herman, C. P., & Polivy, J. (1980). Restrained eating. In: A. Stunkard (Ed.), Obesity (pp. 208–225). Philadelphia, PA: Saunders]. Restrainers did not generally differ from nonrestrainers in attractiveness ratings or in their choice of IF. However, differences between IF and PAF were larger in restrainers than in nonrestrainers because restrainers chose PAFs with larger hips than nonrestrainers did. This difference between the restraint groups was independent of between-group differences in hip size. This discrepancy between IF and PAF may contribute to the restrainers’ motivation to diet.

Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Method
2.1. Participants
2.2. Materials
2.2.1. Figure stimuli
2.2.2. Attractiveness ratings
2.2.3. Self-report measures
2.3. Procedure
3. Results
3.1. Participant characteristics
3.2. Attractiveness ratings
3.3. Actual versus ideal body perception
4. Discussion
Acknowledgements
References

The relationship between parental eating problems and children’s feeding behavior: A selective review of the literature. H. Coulthard, J. Blissett, G. Harris. Pages 103-115
Abstract
This review describes the research evidence linking parental eating problems with processes that affect children’s food selection and rejection, including child feeding difficulties, and child dieting practices and attitudes. First, studies that assess the relationship between parental eating disorder and child feeding are reviewed. Secondly, research that examines the relationship between parent and child dieting behavior and attitudes is reviewed. Finally, the eating characteristics of parents whose children have feeding difficulties are discussed. There is no consensus in the literature about the relationships between parent and child feeding and eating disturbance, and mechanisms for the intergenerational transmission of these behaviors have yet to be established.

Article Outline
1. Introduction
1.1. The children of parents who have eating disorders
1.2. The relationship between parent and child dieting behavior and attitudes
1.3. Parents of children with failure to thrive, feeding problems, food refusal, and neophobia
1.4. Conclusions
References

The effects of meal size and body size on individuals’ impressions of males and females. Yolanda Martins, Patricia Pliner, Corrie Lee. Pages 117-132
Abstract
Male and female participants provided impression ratings for either a normal-weight or overweight male or female target, who was portrayed as eating either small or large meals. Males rated normal-weight targets as more physically attractive than overweight targets, whereas ratings of physical attractiveness were unaffected by the body size manipulation among female participants. In addition, among male targets, the overweight large eater was rated the least socially attractive. For female targets, males rated the normal-weight large eater as the most socially attractive, whereas females rated the normal-weight small eater as the most socially attractive. Results are discussed in terms of how body and meal sizes interact to affect impressions of others.

Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Method
2.1. Design and overview
2.2. Participants
2.3. Materials
2.3.1. Target questionnaires
2.3.2. Manipulation of independent variables
2.3.3. Target rating questionnaire
2.4. Procedure
3. Results
3.1. Overview
3.2. Manipulation checks
3.3. Dependent variables
3.3.1. Perceived physical attractiveness
3.3.2. Social attractiveness
3.3.3. Relationship between perceived physical attractiveness and social attractiveness
4. Discussion
4.1. Implications for eating behavior
5. Conclusion
References

An investigation of the cognitive organization of body comparison sites in relation to physical appearance related anxiety and drive for thinness. Jessica Gokee-LaRose, Michael E. Dunn, Stacey Tantleff-Dunn. Pages 133-145
Abstract
Modeling cognitive processes that link variables associated with maladaptive behavior has led to successful interventions, particularly for alcohol use. In the present study, Individual Differences Scaling (INDSCAL) was used to model the cognitive structure of appearance-related comparisons in relation to physical appearance related anxiety and drive for thinness (DT) among 635 college students. Results were consistent with previous work in finding two primary comparison dimensions. A weight/nonweight dimension was primarily emphasized by females and a muscle/nonmuscle dimension was primarily emphasized by males. These gender differences continued to be evident when females and males were matched on levels of appearance-related anxiety and DT. Gender-specific analyses indicated that females with higher levels of appearance-related anxiety and DT primarily emphasized the weight dimension while females with lower levels of these characteristics tended to emphasize a physical attractiveness dimension. Males with higher levels of appearance-related anxiety and DT also primarily emphasized the weight dimension while males with lower levels of these characteristics tended to emphasize a muscle-related dimension. Findings are discussed in terms of risk factors for disturbance, and as a means of improving assessment, treatment, and prevention strategies.

Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Method
2.1. Participants
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Body Comparison Scale
2.2.2. Physical Appearance State and Trait Anxiety Scale (PASTAS)
2.2.3. Eating Disorders Inventory—Drive for Thinness Scale (EDI-DT)
2.3. Procedure
3. Results
3.1. Configuration of a body comparison network
3.2. Gender analyses
3.3. Body image anxiety
3.4. Drive for thinness
4. Discussion
References

Gender, ethnicity, self-esteem and disordered eating among college athletes. Craig Johnson, Ross Crosby, Scott Engel, James Mitchell, Pauline Powers, David Wittrock, Stephen Wonderlich. Pages 147-156
Abstract

Objective
This study was undertaken to compare ethnic and gender differences regarding self-esteem and various disordered eating attitudes and behaviors among elite college athletes.

Method
A total of 1445 student athletes from 11 Division I schools were surveyed using a 133-item questionnaire.

Results
White female athletes reported significantly lower self-esteem than Black female, Black male and White male athletes. Black female athletes’ self-esteem was equal to both Black and White male athletes. White female athletes reported significantly higher drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction, and more disturbed eating behaviors than Black female and both groups of male athletes.

Discussion
The current study demonstrates that White female athletes appear to be most at risk for having difficulty with eating disorders. Their reporting of significantly lower self-esteem indicates that this may be a risk factor that is more characteristic of this ethnic group. Questions are raised about what factors exist in the Black female culture that protect them from low self-esteem and disordered eating attitudes and behaviors.

Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Selection of participating school and sports
2.2. Data collection procedures
2.3. Student athlete questionnaire
2.4. Measures
2.4.1. EDI-total score
2.4.2. Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale
2.4.3. Purge Index
2.4.4. Restriction Index
2.4.5. Binge Index
2.5. Statistical analyses
3. Results
3.1. Description of the sample
3.2. Self-esteem
3.3. Body dissatisfaction
3.4. Drive for thinness
3.5. Purge Index
3.6. Restriction Index
3.7. Binge Index
4. Discussion
References

Binge eating and psychological distress in ethnically diverse undergraduate men and women. Karen S. Mitchell, Suzanne E. Mazzeo. Pages 157-169
Abstract
Binge eating symptomatology affects African Americans and Caucasians at similar rates. Moreover, compared to anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating and BED are more evenly distributed across genders. Undergraduates are likely to be affected by binge eating, yet, relatively few studies have investigated this behavior and its correlates in college samples. This study examined the influence of alexithymia, depression, and anxiety on binge eating among ethnically diverse undergraduates. Results indicated that these variables significantly predicted eating symptomatology among Caucasian and African American women but not among Caucasian men. Further, among Caucasian women, depression was the only unique predictor of eating pathology. In contrast, anxiety was the only unique predictor of disordered eating in African American women. There were no differences between Caucasians and African Americans in severity of disordered eating symptomatology; however, in both ethnic groups, women reported greater eating pathology than men. Eating disorders of all types may be more prevalent among African American undergraduates than previously thought. These results highlight the need to study binge eating and its correlates in this traditionally underserved group.

Article Outline
1. Introduction
1.1. Binge eating, obesity, and young adults
1.2. Binge eating symptomatology among African American women
1.3. Binge eating symptomatology among men
1.4. Psychological correlates of binge eating symptomatology
1.4.1. Depression and BED symptomatology
1.4.2. Anxiety and BED symptomatology
1.4.3. Binge eating symptomatology and alexithymia
1.5. Overview
2. Method
2.1. Participants
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale
2.2.2. Binge Eating Scale
2.2.3. State–Trait Anxiety Inventory
2.2.4. Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale
2.2.5. Toronto Alexithymia Scale
2.3. Procedure
3. Results
3.1. Relationships between disordered eating and depression, anxiety, and alexithymia
3.1.1. Caucasian women
3.1.2. African American women
3.1.3. Caucasian men
3.1.4. African American men
3.2. Severity of disordered eating symptomatology among men and women and across ethnic groups
3.3. Association between binge eating severity and ethnicity
4. Discussion
Acknowledgements
References

Examining the relationship between religious orientation and eating disturbances. Melissa H. Smith, P. Scott Richards, Christopher J. Maglio. Pages 171-180
Abstract
The relationship between religion and eating concerns is receiving increasing empirical attention. The current investigation sought to examine the relationship between eating attitudes and religious orientation, utilizing the fourfold typology of religious orientation. A curvilinear relationship was found between religious orientation and eating attitudes among a subclinical college population and a clinical population of individuals receiving inpatient treatment for eating disorders, particularly among extrinsically orientated individuals with diagnosis of bulimia nervosa.

Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Method
2.1. Subjects
2.2. Procedure
2.3. Measures
2.3.1. Eating Attitudes Test (EAT)
2.3.2. Religious orientation scale (ROS)
2.4. Data analysis and design
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Limitations
5. Conclusions
References

Eating and body image concerns among average-weight and obese African American and Hispanic girls. Jillon S. Vander Wal. Pages 181-187
Abstract
Concern has been expressed that African American and Hispanic girls, because of their greater prevalence and degree of overweight, may be at greater risk than Caucasian girls for the development of bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. A cross-sectional study was undertaken to document the prevalence of overweight and obesity and to compare overweight and obese girls to average-weight girls with regard to early warning signs of eating disorder development. Participants included 139 predominantly African American and Hispanic girls who were classified as average weight, overweight, or obese in Grades 4 and 5. Overall, 18% of the girls were overweight and an additional 30.9% were obese. Overweight and obese girls had lower body esteem and greater concerns about peer influence than did their average-weight peers. They did not have greater fears of negative evaluation or more disturbed eating attitudes and behaviors. Future research should incorporate instruments more sensitive to disorders of overeating and investigate how eating disorder development differs among girls from various racial and ethnic backgrounds.

Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Method
2.1. Participants
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Demographic characteristics
2.2.2. The revised Body Esteem Scale (BES) for children, (Mendelson & White, 1982 and Mendelson & White, 1993–1994)
2.2.3. The Inventory of Peer Influence on Eating Concerns (IPIEC; Oliver & Thelen, 1996)
2.2.4. The Children’s Eating Attitudes Test (ChEAT; Maloney, McGuire, Daniels, & Specker, 1989)
2.2.5. Fear of Negative Evaluation subscale of the Social Anxiety Scale for children, (FNE; La Greca, Dandes, Wick, Shaw, & Stone, 1988)
2.3. Procedure
3. Results
4. Discussion
References

Call For Papers. Page 189

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Textbook of Family and Couples Therapy: Clinical Applications
by: G. Pirooz Sholevar, Linda D. Schwoeri
en

0880485183 9780880485180 9781585627523

Textbook of Family and Couples Therapy: Clinical Applications
By G. Pirooz Sholevar, Linda D. Schwoeri

Publisher: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.
Number Of Pages: 948
Publication Date: 2003-01
ISBN-10 / ASIN: 0880485183
ISBN-13 / EAN: 9780880485180
Binding: Hardcover

Textbook of Family and Couples Therapy: Clinical Applications draws together theories and techniques from the diverse schools of family therapy, combining them with practical clinical approaches in a single comprehensive resource. Under the editorial direction of acclaimed expert G. Pirooz Sholevar, Textbook of Family and Couples Therapy presents the current body of theoretical knowledge and the latest empirically based clinical applications in the field.

With contributions from todayâ ™s leading practitioners, Textbook of Family and Couples Therapy includes unique features such as

Family therapy approaches to specific mental disorders, including depression, psychiatric hospitalization, alcohol and substance abuse, incest, and personality disorders
Specific guidance for working with couples, with detailed approaches to problems such as sexual dysfunction, divorce, remarriage, and stepfamiliesâ ”invaluable for practicing in todayâ ™s society
An overview of the evolution and theoretical underpinnings of family therapy, which helps readers develop a solid foundation of understanding to support their clinical knowledge
Blending theoretical training and up-to-date clinical strategies, Textbook of Family and Couples Therapy is a landmark event in the field. It is a must for clinicians who are currently treating couples and familiesâ ”and a major resource for training future clinicians in these highly effective therapeutic techniques.

Summary: Quick Quick Quick
Rating: 5

This book came within 3 days of me ordering it. I was shocked and very happy! This I find a rarity. Thank you!!!!

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The Denial of Aging: Perpetual Youth, Eternal Life, and Other Dangerous Fantasies
by: Muriel R. Gillick M.D.
en | Harvard University Press

0674025431 9780674025431 0674021487 9780674021488

The Denial of Aging: Perpetual Youth, Eternal Life, and Other Dangerous Fantasies
By Muriel R. Gillick M.D.

Publisher: Harvard University Press
Number Of Pages: 352
Publication Date: 2007-10-30
ISBN-10 / ASIN: 0674025431
ISBN-13 / EAN: 9780674025431

Product Description:

Listen to a short interview with Dr. Muriel Gillick
Host: Chris Gondek | Producer: Heron & Crane

You’ve argued politics with your aunt since high school, but failing eyesight now prevents her from keeping current with the newspaper. Your mother fractured her hip last year and is confined to a wheelchair. Your father has Alzheimer’s and only occasionally recognizes you.

Someday, as Muriel Gillick points out in this important yet unsettling book, you too will be old. And no matter what vitamin regimen you’re on now, you will likely one day find yourself sick or frail. How do you prepare? What will you need?

With passion and compassion, Gillick chronicles the stories of elders who have struggled with housing options, with medical care decisions, and with finding meaning in life. Skillfully incorporating insights from medicine, health policy, and economics, she lays out action plans for individuals and for communities. In addition to doing all we can to maintain our health, we must vote and organize–for housing choices that consider autonomy as well as safety, for employment that utilizes the skills and wisdom of the elderly, and for better management of disability and chronic disease.

Most provocatively, Gillick argues against desperate attempts to cure the incurable. Care should focus on quality of life, not whether it can be prolonged at any cost.

"A good old age," writes Gillick, "is within our grasp." But we must reach in the right direction.

(20060824)

Summary: Don’t judge it by the cover
Rating: 1

Disregard the 1-star rating. I intended to rate it 5 (best), but I can’t find a way to to edit the rating.

This is a very good book with a bad title and a very bad cover illustration. The publisher must have had it in for the author.

It might better have been called "Facing Old Age – Yours Or Your Parents’" As Dr. Gillick uses the term, "Denial of Aging" simply means that pretending you’re not getting old doesn’t work. "Eternal life," in the subtitle, is not a theological concept but a reminder that, eventually, you will die.

Muriel Gillick is a geriatrician and medical professor whose concern for her patients has turned her into an advocate for the elderly in assisted living facilities and nursing homes. At times she can even be their advocate against their caregivers. It is to caregivers that she addresses her most heartfelt advice. Paraphrasing, it is that ultimately, when hope is gone, it’s OK to let go. At the end, the answer to "We can’t just let her die", is "Yes, you can."

In the rest of the book, she offers advice to caregivers looking out for their relatives. She considers assisted living and nursing homes to be a continuum. The former, after a time, leads to the latter; meanwhile, the cost increases as the assisted living facility finds – or asserts – the need for added services.

I gave copies of this book to my two sons, who may someday have to be my advocates. I told them that I hope they don’t need it for a while and, when they do, they should check to see if Dr. Gillick has updated her advice to deal with our ever evolving health care system.

But until that happens, this is the book I want them to have.

Summary: Fantastic compilation of the issues facing aged care today
Rating: 5

This book pulls together all of the different components that impact on many of the issues facing aged care today. As a nurse in another country, reading this book gives me an understanding of the challenges and opportunities to come.

Summary: Advocacy Piece
Rating: 3

While I give this book great credit for presenting the facts in the face of too many *live forever* books currently on the market, it also has it own agenda and just does not talk about anything not related to it.

The author suggests that medicaid / medicare should take on the long term care of elders. But does not discuss the financial reality of such a situation or, indeed, if it is wise. Most elders that are infirm are for 10 years or less. Is it really wise to potentially take on another large entitlement to mildly make things better for elders and families? Further there is no mention of long term care policies or elders’ savings specifically for these years. There is no reasonable alternative presented for those who read this book looking to prepare the best they can. The author talks about the current abuse of medicaid and then goes on to advocate for medicaid to take on more for elders. Wouldn’t that just provide for more abuse?

I also take issue with the idea that because people are focusing on *living forever* they are not not focusing on being elderly and preparing. I am not sure that is true, but her own book is filled with current 85 year olds who did not prepare whatsoever for being elderly. So what was their excuse? The idea of becoming old and infirm is a depressing one. Most people, such as my mother, do not want to think about it until forced to do so. I actually think many of these "live forever" books at least force discussion about aging and may in fact actually result in people taking better care of themselves and living better quality of life. My mom, currently 85, fully expected to die in her sleep at 75 so she did not plan and she did not take care of herself. Nor did she know there was any options. She was not aware of long term care policies (nor where they around) and she was not aware of antioxidants and things she could do for her aging knees. Left in the care of her doctors, much like the author here, who subscribed to the "your old – why bother" practice of medicine – she is now closer to infirmity.

I would say the book gets 3 stars for the great chapter on assisted living. Last year I had the opportunity to look at some assisted living facilities and I was very disappointed. They are all marketing and very little follow through. But I gleaned from management that they were not doing too well, so it is my feeling that people are starting to get wise to the assisted living *bait and switch.*

Overall a book that is good to read for the sharply different view from most books today. But I only wish the author had presented a more fair differing view of aging.

Summary: A VERY INTERESTING READ!
Rating: 5

Thank you, Muriel, for writing a book that gives us permission to relax into the best years of our lives. Running after youth is an exhausting pursuit — it robs of our personal and spiritual growth. I especially enjoyed the personal anecdotes and stories from your files. I hope every woman reads your book. Pamela D. Blair, Author, The Next Fifty Years: A Guide for Women at Mid-Life And Beyond

Summary: A prescription for a better medical care system as well as for us
Rating: 5

Denial of Aging is both a call to arms and a personal guide. It connects two themes: 1) most of us will become infirm eventually; 2) when that happens, our medical care system will fail us, often worsening quality of life instead of improving it. Two kinds of failures are Medicare rules that favor institutional care over care at home, and a fixation on (expensive) high tech treatments that have a low chance of success in the infirm elderly, but that carry a high rate of complications. Dr. Gillick shows that we can avoid some of these problems through individual choices, but that others require concerted political action — for instance, making Medicare more responsive to the needs of the infirm elderly.

After you read this, send it to your legislators.

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The Public Health Effects of Food Deserts: Workshop Summary
by: National Research Council

The Public Health Effects of Food Deserts: Workshop Summary
By National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press
Number Of Pages: 114
Publication Date: 2009-06-02
ISBN-10 / ASIN: 0309137284
ISBN-13 / EAN: 9780309137287

Book Description:

In the United States, people living in low-income neighborhoods frequently do not have access to affordable healthy food venues, such as supermarkets. Instead, those living in "food deserts" must rely on convenience stores and small neighborhood stores that offer few, if any, healthy food choices, such as fruits and vegetables. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) and National Research Council (NRC) convened a two-day workshop on January 26-27, 2009, to provide input into a Congressionally-mandated food deserts study by the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Economic Research Service. The workshop, summarized in this volume, provided a forum in which to discuss the public health effects of food deserts.

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