Encyclopedia of Drugs, Alcohol & Addictive Behavior, 3rd Edition
by: Pamela Korsmeyer, Henry R. Kranzler
Encyclopedia of Drugs, Alcohol&Addictive Behavior (Encyclopedia of Drugs, Alcohol and Addictive Behavior)
By Pamela Korsmeyer, Henry R. Kranzler
Publisher: Gale Cengage
Number Of Pages: 1800
Publication Date: 2008-11-14
ISBN-10 / ASIN: 0028660641
ISBN-13 / EAN: 9780028660646
Description:
Explores the social, medical, legal and political issues related to drugs and alcohol and associated behaviors. Includes emerging topics and developments in the many fields of addiction studies.
PREFACE
The first edition of the Encyclopedia of Drugs and Alcohol (as it was first titled),
published in 1995, was the product of a massive effort on the part of Jerome H.
Jaffe and a group of distinguished colleagues that he, through his long experience
and many friends in the various fields of addiction studies, was able to bring
together. The result of the collaboration among the members of this original
group was a compendium of information from every viewpoint and specialty
having to do with the use and abuse of psychoactive substances. We, the editors
of this third edition of the Encyclopedia, have attempted to remain true to
Dr. Jaffe’s original purpose as described in the preface to the first edition.
The Macmillan Encyclopedia of Drugs and Alcohol has been written as a comprehensive
source of information for non-specialists who have an interest in any of the
diverse topics that are included under the broad general heading of substance use and
abuse. While many of the entries are devoted to the actions of drugs on the body, the
work as a whole is intended to serve the wider interests of social science and includes
articles on social policy, history, politics, economics, international trafficking, law
enforcement, scientific and medical research, treatment and prevention of drug
abuse, and epidemiology.
The title of the second edition, published in 2001, was modified to include
addictive behaviors that did not involve drugs or alcohol. While paying close
attention to the original vision and the broader scope reflected in the title
change, we have tried to update and expand the work to include new and
emerging topics and important developments in the many fields of addiction
studies. We have included information on recent scientific discoveries and theories
in behavioral neuroscience, which help to illuminate how addictive substances
and behaviors affect the brain and the impact of these effects on behavior.
This new scientific information also includes a growing number of discoveries in
genetics, which have emerged following the sequencing of the human genome.
In addition, recent advances in neuroimaging have made it possible to examine
events occurring in the healthy and addicted brains of animals and humans,
further elucidating the underlying processes. The results of new, large-scale
population studies inform much of the epidemiologic coverage of substance
use, abuse, and dependence. We have gone to some lengths to reorganize the
sections on treatment in as intuitive a way as possible and to include new
developments in the use of medications, which increasingly are being combined
with psychosocial interventions in the treatment of individuals with addictive
disorders.
Recognizing the cultural importance of how addiction is perceived both in
the United States and in societies and political systems throughout the world, the
editorial board obtained authoritative essays on such popular subjects as drugs in
the movies, the effect of the Internet on drug use, and the coverage of addiction
issues in the media. In order to give the reader a broad view of how these issues
are understood and dealt with in cultures other than that of the United States, we
commissioned articles on drug use and trafficking in a representative group of
countries and regions.
We have tried to maintain standards of objectivity in the treatment of controversial
subjects and to provide enough information on competing theories and
points of view so that readers may draw their own conclusions. One of the main
challenges in compiling these volumes was to ensure that the language used by
the contributors was not so technical as to make the entries obscure. In reviewing
entries prior to publication, a concerted effort was made to use lay language
whenever possible and, when technical terms were required, to define them. We,
the editors in chief, are satisfied that the finished work provides an authoritative
source of information that will help to educate the general public on a variety of
complex and controversial issues.
This third edition contains 545 entries, of which nearly 70 percent are either
completely new (133 articles) or substantially revised and updated (236 articles).
Early on, the editors decided, and Macmillan Reference personnel agreed, that
the extensive list of treatment programs included in the fourth volume of the first
two editions should be dropped. It was the board’s judgment that such a list
would fall out of date so fast as to be of little use to the reader.
In early 2006, Kate Hanley of Macmillan Reference invited Pam Korsmeyer
and Henry Kranzler to consider sharing the task of editor in chief of a third
edition of the Encyclopedia. Both were pleased and honored to accept the
invitation. Ms. Korsmeyer had worked for many years as an editor and writer
on the history of use, abuse, and control of psychoactive substances, and she was
happy to be able to reengage the field after several years’ absence. Dr. Kranzler
has been a clinician and investigator in addictions for more than twenty years and
welcomed the opportunity to survey the biological and medical aspects of the
field comprehensively, as required by a thorough revision of the Encyclopedia.
At the beginning of the Encyclopedia project, the editors in chief and the
Macmillan Reference project managers agreed that the work of constructing the
table of contents, developing ‘‘scopes’’ for each article, and reviewing the finished
essays should be divided among six fields of interest. A prominent scholar was
then invited to take responsibility for each of the six fields, and the two editors in
chief oversaw three fields apiece. Henry Kranzler worked with Deborah Hasin
(epidemiology), Kathleen Carroll (treatment), and Michael Kuhar (neuroscience
and pharmacology). Pam Korsmeyer guided the efforts of Nancy Campbell
(history, society, and culture), Eric Wish (public policy), and Virginia Berridge
(international issues). Howard Kushner also participated in the initial development
of the table of contents, contributing first-rate work to the coverage of
history, society, and culture. When he found that he was unable to remain on the
editorial board, Nancy Campbell stepped in, much to the good fortune of the
project and the editors.
The substantial organizational effort could not have been possible without the
contributions of the staff at Macmillan/Gale, who were ably led by Kate Hanley,
Jeffrey Lehman, and Alan Hedblad. Their tireless dedication kept the editorial
board and editors in chief focused on the task of identifying suitable authors for
the many revised and new entries, providing direction in the preparation of initial
draft entries, and thoroughly editing the entries to ensure their suitability for
inclusion in the Encyclopedia.
PAMELA KORSMEYER
HENRY R. KRANZLER
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