Eating Behaviors, Volume 5, Issue 02 (May 2004)
by: Peter M. Miller (Executive Editor)
en | Elsevier Ltd.
Eating Behaviors is an international peer-reviewed scientific journal publishing human research on the etiology, prevention, and treatment of obesity, binge eating, and eating disorders in adults and children. Studies related to the promotion of healthy eating patterns to treat or prevent medical conditions (e.g., hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cancer) are also acceptable. Two types of manuscripts are encouraged: (1) Descriptive studies establishing functional relationships between eating behaviors and social, cognitive, environmental, attitudinal, emotional or biochemical factors; (2) Clinical outcome research evaluating the efficacy of prevention or treatment protocols.
While theoretical orientations are diverse, the emphasis of the journal is primarily empirical. That is, sound experimental design combined with valid, reliable assessment and evaluation procedures are a requisite for acceptance. Uncontrolled clinical demonstrations and case studies are not accepted for publication. A limited number of reviews are published.
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Table of Contents:
Editorial Board. Page CO2.
Is beauty in the eye of the beholder?: Effects of weight and shape on attractiveness ratings of female line drawings by restrained and nonrestrained eaters. Catherine A. Forestell, Tara M. Humphrey, Sherry H. Stewart. Pages 89-101
Abstract
This study tested the differences between restrained and nonrestrained eaters’ attractiveness perceptions of female line drawings, of their own figures, and the ideal female figure. Female line drawings varied systematically in body weight and in waist and hip circumference. Forty-six female undergraduate students, 23 nonrestrainers and 23 restrainers, rated stimuli in attractiveness, identified the figure which best represented their own body type (PAF), and the ideal body figure (IF) according to the Restraint Scale [RS; Herman, C. P., & Polivy, J. (1980). Restrained eating. In: A. Stunkard (Ed.), Obesity (pp. 208–225). Philadelphia, PA: Saunders]. Restrainers did not generally differ from nonrestrainers in attractiveness ratings or in their choice of IF. However, differences between IF and PAF were larger in restrainers than in nonrestrainers because restrainers chose PAFs with larger hips than nonrestrainers did. This difference between the restraint groups was independent of between-group differences in hip size. This discrepancy between IF and PAF may contribute to the restrainers’ motivation to diet.
Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Method
2.1. Participants
2.2. Materials
2.2.1. Figure stimuli
2.2.2. Attractiveness ratings
2.2.3. Self-report measures
2.3. Procedure
3. Results
3.1. Participant characteristics
3.2. Attractiveness ratings
3.3. Actual versus ideal body perception
4. Discussion
Acknowledgements
References
The relationship between parental eating problems and children’s feeding behavior: A selective review of the literature. H. Coulthard, J. Blissett, G. Harris. Pages 103-115
Abstract
This review describes the research evidence linking parental eating problems with processes that affect children’s food selection and rejection, including child feeding difficulties, and child dieting practices and attitudes. First, studies that assess the relationship between parental eating disorder and child feeding are reviewed. Secondly, research that examines the relationship between parent and child dieting behavior and attitudes is reviewed. Finally, the eating characteristics of parents whose children have feeding difficulties are discussed. There is no consensus in the literature about the relationships between parent and child feeding and eating disturbance, and mechanisms for the intergenerational transmission of these behaviors have yet to be established.
Article Outline
1. Introduction
1.1. The children of parents who have eating disorders
1.2. The relationship between parent and child dieting behavior and attitudes
1.3. Parents of children with failure to thrive, feeding problems, food refusal, and neophobia
1.4. Conclusions
References
The effects of meal size and body size on individuals’ impressions of males and females. Yolanda Martins, Patricia Pliner, Corrie Lee. Pages 117-132
Abstract
Male and female participants provided impression ratings for either a normal-weight or overweight male or female target, who was portrayed as eating either small or large meals. Males rated normal-weight targets as more physically attractive than overweight targets, whereas ratings of physical attractiveness were unaffected by the body size manipulation among female participants. In addition, among male targets, the overweight large eater was rated the least socially attractive. For female targets, males rated the normal-weight large eater as the most socially attractive, whereas females rated the normal-weight small eater as the most socially attractive. Results are discussed in terms of how body and meal sizes interact to affect impressions of others.
Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Method
2.1. Design and overview
2.2. Participants
2.3. Materials
2.3.1. Target questionnaires
2.3.2. Manipulation of independent variables
2.3.3. Target rating questionnaire
2.4. Procedure
3. Results
3.1. Overview
3.2. Manipulation checks
3.3. Dependent variables
3.3.1. Perceived physical attractiveness
3.3.2. Social attractiveness
3.3.3. Relationship between perceived physical attractiveness and social attractiveness
4. Discussion
4.1. Implications for eating behavior
5. Conclusion
References
An investigation of the cognitive organization of body comparison sites in relation to physical appearance related anxiety and drive for thinness. Jessica Gokee-LaRose, Michael E. Dunn, Stacey Tantleff-Dunn. Pages 133-145
Abstract
Modeling cognitive processes that link variables associated with maladaptive behavior has led to successful interventions, particularly for alcohol use. In the present study, Individual Differences Scaling (INDSCAL) was used to model the cognitive structure of appearance-related comparisons in relation to physical appearance related anxiety and drive for thinness (DT) among 635 college students. Results were consistent with previous work in finding two primary comparison dimensions. A weight/nonweight dimension was primarily emphasized by females and a muscle/nonmuscle dimension was primarily emphasized by males. These gender differences continued to be evident when females and males were matched on levels of appearance-related anxiety and DT. Gender-specific analyses indicated that females with higher levels of appearance-related anxiety and DT primarily emphasized the weight dimension while females with lower levels of these characteristics tended to emphasize a physical attractiveness dimension. Males with higher levels of appearance-related anxiety and DT also primarily emphasized the weight dimension while males with lower levels of these characteristics tended to emphasize a muscle-related dimension. Findings are discussed in terms of risk factors for disturbance, and as a means of improving assessment, treatment, and prevention strategies.
Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Method
2.1. Participants
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Body Comparison Scale
2.2.2. Physical Appearance State and Trait Anxiety Scale (PASTAS)
2.2.3. Eating Disorders Inventory—Drive for Thinness Scale (EDI-DT)
2.3. Procedure
3. Results
3.1. Configuration of a body comparison network
3.2. Gender analyses
3.3. Body image anxiety
3.4. Drive for thinness
4. Discussion
References
Gender, ethnicity, self-esteem and disordered eating among college athletes. Craig Johnson, Ross Crosby, Scott Engel, James Mitchell, Pauline Powers, David Wittrock, Stephen Wonderlich. Pages 147-156
Abstract
Objective
This study was undertaken to compare ethnic and gender differences regarding self-esteem and various disordered eating attitudes and behaviors among elite college athletes.
Method
A total of 1445 student athletes from 11 Division I schools were surveyed using a 133-item questionnaire.
Results
White female athletes reported significantly lower self-esteem than Black female, Black male and White male athletes. Black female athletes’ self-esteem was equal to both Black and White male athletes. White female athletes reported significantly higher drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction, and more disturbed eating behaviors than Black female and both groups of male athletes.
Discussion
The current study demonstrates that White female athletes appear to be most at risk for having difficulty with eating disorders. Their reporting of significantly lower self-esteem indicates that this may be a risk factor that is more characteristic of this ethnic group. Questions are raised about what factors exist in the Black female culture that protect them from low self-esteem and disordered eating attitudes and behaviors.
Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Selection of participating school and sports
2.2. Data collection procedures
2.3. Student athlete questionnaire
2.4. Measures
2.4.1. EDI-total score
2.4.2. Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale
2.4.3. Purge Index
2.4.4. Restriction Index
2.4.5. Binge Index
2.5. Statistical analyses
3. Results
3.1. Description of the sample
3.2. Self-esteem
3.3. Body dissatisfaction
3.4. Drive for thinness
3.5. Purge Index
3.6. Restriction Index
3.7. Binge Index
4. Discussion
References
Binge eating and psychological distress in ethnically diverse undergraduate men and women. Karen S. Mitchell, Suzanne E. Mazzeo. Pages 157-169
Abstract
Binge eating symptomatology affects African Americans and Caucasians at similar rates. Moreover, compared to anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating and BED are more evenly distributed across genders. Undergraduates are likely to be affected by binge eating, yet, relatively few studies have investigated this behavior and its correlates in college samples. This study examined the influence of alexithymia, depression, and anxiety on binge eating among ethnically diverse undergraduates. Results indicated that these variables significantly predicted eating symptomatology among Caucasian and African American women but not among Caucasian men. Further, among Caucasian women, depression was the only unique predictor of eating pathology. In contrast, anxiety was the only unique predictor of disordered eating in African American women. There were no differences between Caucasians and African Americans in severity of disordered eating symptomatology; however, in both ethnic groups, women reported greater eating pathology than men. Eating disorders of all types may be more prevalent among African American undergraduates than previously thought. These results highlight the need to study binge eating and its correlates in this traditionally underserved group.
Article Outline
1. Introduction
1.1. Binge eating, obesity, and young adults
1.2. Binge eating symptomatology among African American women
1.3. Binge eating symptomatology among men
1.4. Psychological correlates of binge eating symptomatology
1.4.1. Depression and BED symptomatology
1.4.2. Anxiety and BED symptomatology
1.4.3. Binge eating symptomatology and alexithymia
1.5. Overview
2. Method
2.1. Participants
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale
2.2.2. Binge Eating Scale
2.2.3. State–Trait Anxiety Inventory
2.2.4. Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale
2.2.5. Toronto Alexithymia Scale
2.3. Procedure
3. Results
3.1. Relationships between disordered eating and depression, anxiety, and alexithymia
3.1.1. Caucasian women
3.1.2. African American women
3.1.3. Caucasian men
3.1.4. African American men
3.2. Severity of disordered eating symptomatology among men and women and across ethnic groups
3.3. Association between binge eating severity and ethnicity
4. Discussion
Acknowledgements
References
Examining the relationship between religious orientation and eating disturbances. Melissa H. Smith, P. Scott Richards, Christopher J. Maglio. Pages 171-180
Abstract
The relationship between religion and eating concerns is receiving increasing empirical attention. The current investigation sought to examine the relationship between eating attitudes and religious orientation, utilizing the fourfold typology of religious orientation. A curvilinear relationship was found between religious orientation and eating attitudes among a subclinical college population and a clinical population of individuals receiving inpatient treatment for eating disorders, particularly among extrinsically orientated individuals with diagnosis of bulimia nervosa.
Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Method
2.1. Subjects
2.2. Procedure
2.3. Measures
2.3.1. Eating Attitudes Test (EAT)
2.3.2. Religious orientation scale (ROS)
2.4. Data analysis and design
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Limitations
5. Conclusions
References
Eating and body image concerns among average-weight and obese African American and Hispanic girls. Jillon S. Vander Wal. Pages 181-187
Abstract
Concern has been expressed that African American and Hispanic girls, because of their greater prevalence and degree of overweight, may be at greater risk than Caucasian girls for the development of bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. A cross-sectional study was undertaken to document the prevalence of overweight and obesity and to compare overweight and obese girls to average-weight girls with regard to early warning signs of eating disorder development. Participants included 139 predominantly African American and Hispanic girls who were classified as average weight, overweight, or obese in Grades 4 and 5. Overall, 18% of the girls were overweight and an additional 30.9% were obese. Overweight and obese girls had lower body esteem and greater concerns about peer influence than did their average-weight peers. They did not have greater fears of negative evaluation or more disturbed eating attitudes and behaviors. Future research should incorporate instruments more sensitive to disorders of overeating and investigate how eating disorder development differs among girls from various racial and ethnic backgrounds.
Article Outline
1. Introduction
2. Method
2.1. Participants
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Demographic characteristics
2.2.2. The revised Body Esteem Scale (BES) for children, (Mendelson & White, 1982 and Mendelson & White, 1993–1994)
2.2.3. The Inventory of Peer Influence on Eating Concerns (IPIEC; Oliver & Thelen, 1996)
2.2.4. The Children’s Eating Attitudes Test (ChEAT; Maloney, McGuire, Daniels, & Specker, 1989)
2.2.5. Fear of Negative Evaluation subscale of the Social Anxiety Scale for children, (FNE; La Greca, Dandes, Wick, Shaw, & Stone, 1988)
2.3. Procedure
3. Results
4. Discussion
References
Call For Papers. Page 189
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