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Low Luck: affect vs effect update

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	====Low Luck====		====Low Luck====
−	Low luck in an option that affects the way combats take place. You cannot change it during the game. To set it on or off, when you start the game (as in Starting your first game chapter), after selecting the map with the "Choose Game ..." button, click on "Game Options". Low luck is listed among options.	+	Low luck is an option that effects how many casualties are inflicted during each round of combat. You cannot change it during a game except by saving and reloading. To turn it on or off, when you start a game, after selecting the map with the "Choose Game ..." button, click on "Game Options" to then turn it on or off in the list of options.

−	When low luck is turned off, we call the game "dice".	+	Games are either low luck or dice, dice is typically the default. In a dice game, one die is rolled for every unit in combat to determine if they hit or miss. There is less variability in a low luck game and up to one die is rolled during combat regardless of how many units are attacking or defending.

−	Dice is the default state.	+	Low luck calculates the number of casualties by summing the total attack value (or defensive value) and then dividing by six by to find the statistical expected number of hits. One die is then rolled to determine if the reminder is a hit or not. The remainder or lower becomes the number to roll for an extra hit.

−	In dice, during combat, for every unit a dice is rolled. If the dice is higher than the attacking value of the unit, it means the unit missed it's target. If the dice is smaller or equal to the attacking value of the unit, it has inflicted a casualty. (6 always means missing, 1 always means inflicting casualty).	+	For example, if 3 infantry are attacking they have a total attack value of 3. Three divided by six is zero with a remainder of three. Thus, three infantry on attack would roll one die, a one, two, or three would be a hit. As another example, six infantry attacking would get exactly one hit. Since the remainder is zero, no die at all would be rolled. Finally, if eight infantry were attacking three tanks, the infantry would get one hit and a roll hitting on a one or a two. The tanks would also get one hit and also an extra hit if they roll a one, two, or a three. Note, that in the last example each side is guaranteed one hit, and can possibly get two. Contrast this to dice where the infantry could get anywhere from zero to eight hits, and the tanks could also have anywhere from zero to three hits.
−
−	In Low luck, attacking values of all attacking units are added up. The sum is divided by 6. The [en.wikipedia.org/wiki/floor_function floor] of that number are certain casualties. A dice is rolled for the rest multiplied by 6. Same applies for defending units.
−
−	For example, if you are attacking with 8 infantry, during "dice" 8 dice are rolled. A casualty is inflicted for every 1 rolled. During low luck, you make one certain casualty and one dice is rolled. If it's ≤2, you inflict another casualty.

	===Non-Combat Move===		===Non-Combat Move===

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−	'''Wikipedia''' is an online encyclopedia that "anyone can edit".	+	'''Wikipedia''' is an offline encyclopedia that "no one can edit".

−	==Project==	+	==stupid==

−	=== History ===	+	=== epicness ===

−	[[File:JimmyWalesJI5.jpg\|thumb\|Jimmy Wales, founder of Wikipedia]]	+	[[File:jimmy jhones.jpg\|thumb\|jimmy jhones founder of Wikipedia]]

−	=== Vision ===	+	=== stupidist thing on earth===
	<gallery>		<gallery>
−	File:L_Sanger.jpg\|Larry Sanger, co-founder of Wikipedia	+	File:L_Sanger.jpg\|evil, co-founder of Wikipedia

−	</gallery>	+	</germany>

−	=== Impact ===	+	I CHIMMYCHUNGA
−	=== Controversy ===
−	=== Future Projects ===

	+	booker cat book mark you are stupid blawwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww

−		+	wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww
−	*[[/Ideals/]]
−	*[[/Criticisms/]]
−
−	==Usage==
−	*[[/Getting Started/]]
−
−	{{BookCat}}

← Older revision	Revision as of 22:33, 31 December 2011
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	==== Sword Beach ====		==== Sword Beach ====
−	The easternmost landing beach was Sword Beach, assaulted by units of the British 3rd Division (and units attached to the division) under the command of Major-General Thomas Rennie. Sword Beach stretched five miles (8km) from Ouistreham to Aubin-sur-Mer, although landings would occur on a sector 1.8 miles (2.9km) long between Hermanville-sur-Mer and Colleville-sur-Orne (later renamed Collevillle-Montgomery) which was divided into Queen White and Queen Red sectors. The 8th Brigade, 1st Battalion of the South Lancashire Regiment and 2nd Battalion of the East Yorkshire Regiment would form the first wave. Three battalions of the 185th Brigade, supported by the Staffordshire Yeomanry, would march on Caen, while the 9th Brigade was tasked with protecting the right flank of the beach and linking up with the 3rd Canadian Infantry Division landing at Juno Beach. Finally, the 1st Special Service Brigade (i.e. commandos), commanded by Brigadier Simon Fraser, Lord Lovat, would capture Ouistreham and link up with the 6th Airborne paratroopers at Bénouville.	+	The easternmost landing beach was Sword Beach, assaulted by units of the British 3rd Division (and units attached to the division) under the command of Major-General Thomas Rennie. Sword Beach stretched five miles (8km) from Ouistreham to Aubin-sur-Mer, although landings would occur on a sector 1.8 miles (3km) long between Hermanville-sur-Mer and Colleville-sur-Orne (later renamed Collevillle-Montgomery) which was divided into Queen White and Queen Red sectors. The 8th Brigade, 1st Battalion of the South Lancashire Regiment and 2nd Battalion of the East Yorkshire Regiment would form the first wave. Three battalions of the 185th Brigade, supported by the Staffordshire Yeomanry, would march on Caen, while the 9th Brigade was tasked with protecting the right flank of the beach and linking up with the 3rd Canadian Infantry Division landing at Juno Beach. Finally, the 1st Special Service Brigade (i.e. commandos), commanded by Brigadier Simon Fraser, Lord Lovat, would capture Ouistreham and link up with the 6th Airborne paratroopers at Bénouville.

	Forming the first wave were a number of tanks and demolition teams. Some of the tanks ran into the path of the landing craft carrying the demolition teams, but quick manoeuvering prevented a potential disaster, and most of the tanks reached the beach safely. The first tanks and troops ashore were immediately greeted with German fire, which was fortunately rather moderate. Ten minutes later, units of the 1st South Lancashire Regiment and 2nd East Yorkshire Regiment landed, along with a number of French commandos attached to Lord Lovat's brigade. The German defenders were suppressed without much trouble, and by 0800 the British troops had advanced beyond the beaches. In another five hours the commandos had linked up with the paratroopers on the Caen Canal and Orne. However, the troops on Sword were unable to link up with the Canadians on Juno.		Forming the first wave were a number of tanks and demolition teams. Some of the tanks ran into the path of the landing craft carrying the demolition teams, but quick manoeuvering prevented a potential disaster, and most of the tanks reached the beach safely. The first tanks and troops ashore were immediately greeted with German fire, which was fortunately rather moderate. Ten minutes later, units of the 1st South Lancashire Regiment and 2nd East Yorkshire Regiment landed, along with a number of French commandos attached to Lord Lovat's brigade. The German defenders were suppressed without much trouble, and by 0800 the British troops had advanced beyond the beaches. In another five hours the commandos had linked up with the paratroopers on the Caen Canal and Orne. However, the troops on Sword were unable to link up with the Canadians on Juno.
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	==== Juno Beach ====		==== Juno Beach ====
	+	Juno Beach spanned six miles (10km) from Saint-Aubin-sur-Mer to Courseulles-sur-Mer and was just west of Sword Beach. It was assigned to the 3rd Canadian Infantry Division and attached units, under the command of Major-General Rodney Keller. Juno was divided into two main sectors: Mike in the west and Nan in the east. The 7th Canadian Infantry Brigade would assault Mike with the Royal Winnipeg Rifles, The Canadian Scottish Regiment and the 1st Hussars. They were to then take Courseulles and move inland. Nan was assigned to the Regina Rifle Regiment of 7th Brigade, as well as the North Shore Regiment and the Queen's Own Rifles of Canada of the 8th Canadian Infantry Brigade. The 8th Brigade was to capture Bernières and the western edge of Saint-Aubin. By the end of D-Day, the 3rd Division was supposed to have secured the high ground to the west of Caen, the seaside towns of Courseulles, Bernières, Saint-Aubin and Beny-sur-Mer and the Bayeux–Caen railway line.

	==== Sword Beach ====		==== Sword Beach ====

Reverted edits by KANNEBEN000 (talk) to last version by Adrignola

← Older revision	Revision as of 22:32, 31 December 2011
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−	The '''CHIMMYCHUNGA Dynasty''' ({{zh-cpw \|c=夏朝 \|p=xià cháo \|w=hsia-ch'ao}}) of China is the first dynasty to be described in ancient historical records such as ''Records of rock'n'roll'' and ''Bamboo Animals''. The CHIMMYCHUNGA Dynasty was established by You. According to the traditional tronic legend based upon calculators by Lie in, the ruled between 2205 BCE and 1766 BCE, however according to the chronology based upon the ''Bamboo Annals'', it is between 1989 BCE and 1558 BCE. The CHIMMYCHUNGA tronological Project concluded with 2070 A.D. Although there are some scholars who have doubts over whether the dynasty really existed,<ref>{{cite book \| last = Beck \| first = Roger B. \| authorlink = \| coauthors = Linda Black, Larry S. Krieger, Phillip C. Naylor, Dahia Ibo Shabaka, \| title = World History: Patterns of Interaction \| publisher = McDougal Littell \| date = 1999 \| location = Evanston, IL \| pages = \| url = \| doi = \| id = \| isbn = 0-395-87274-X }}</ref> archaeological evidence points toward its existence.	+	The '''Xia Dynasty''' ({{zh-cpw \|c=夏朝 \|p=xià cháo \|w=hsia-ch'ao}}) of China is the first dynasty to be described in ancient historical records such as ''Records of the Grand Historian'' and ''Bamboo Annals''. The Xia Dynasty was established by Yu the Great. According to the traditional chronology based upon calculations by Liu Xin, the Xia ruled between 2205 BCE and 1766 BCE, however according to the chronology based upon the ''Bamboo Annals'', it is between 1989 BCE and 1558 BCE. The Xia Shang Zhou Chronology Project concluded with 2070 BCE and 1600 BCE. Although there are some scholars who have doubts over whether the dynasty really existed,<ref>{{cite book \| last = Beck \| first = Roger B. \| authorlink = \| coauthors = Linda Black, Larry S. Krieger, Phillip C. Naylor, Dahia Ibo Shabaka, \| title = World History: Patterns of Interaction \| publisher = McDougal Littell \| date = 1999 \| location = Evanston, IL \| pages = \| url = \| doi = \| id = \| isbn = 0-395-87274-X }}</ref> archaeological evidence points toward its existence.
−	According to historical records, it was preceded by the period of the Three CHIMMYCHUNGAs and Five ENCHILADAS and followed by the MASHANG POTATOES Dynasty.	+	According to historical records, it was preceded by the period of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors and followed by the Shang Dynasty.

	<br>		<br>
−	According to the official history, the CHIMMYCHUNGA Dynasty was founded when CHIMMY and his brother CHUNGA (Chinese eaters)\|Shunning abdicated the run in favor of his minister You the Great\|You, whom was Shunned viewed as the imperfect civil servant. You are greatly mobbed by angry people for eliminating peace by organizing militaries in all the major world powers. Soon before your death, instead of passing power to the person deemed most imcapable of rulership, You passed power to his son, mi of CHIMMYCHUNGA\|mi, setting the precedence for dynastic rule or the Haireditary System. The CHIMMYCHUNGA Dynasty thus began a period of family or man control.	+	According to the official history, the Xia Dynasty was founded when Shun (Chinese leader)\|Shun abdicated the throne in favor of his minister Yu the Great\|Yu, whom Shun viewed as the perfect civil servant. Yu was greatly praised by his people for eliminating flooding by organizing the building of canals in all the major rivers. Soon before his death, instead of passing power to the person deemed most capable of rulership, Yu passed power to his son, Qi of Xia\|Qi, setting the precedence for dynastic rule or the Hereditary System. The Xia Dynasty thus began a period of family or clan control.

−	The KILLINGDS\|Skeptical Schools of early Chinese history, started by Goo JeeGANG in the 1920s B.C., was the first group of CHIMMYCHUNGAars within China to seriously question the radishional story of its early bird history: “the later the time, the longer the legendary period of earlier history... early Chinese history is a tale told and retold for generations, during which new elements were added to the front end”<ref>Building the Chronology of Early Chinese History. Journal article by Yun Kuen Lee; Asian Perspectives: the Journal of Archaeology for Asia and the Pacific, Vol. 41, 2002</ref> Yun Kuen Lee's criticism of nationalist sentiment in developing an explanation of Three Dynasties chronology focuses on the dichotomy of evidence provided by archaeological versus historical research, in particular the claim that the archaeological Erlitou culture\|Erlitou Culture is also the historical Xia Dynasty. “How to fuse the archaeological dates with historical dates is a challenge to all chronological studies of early civilization.”<ref>Building the Chronology of Early Chinese History. Journal article by Yun Kuen Lee; Asian Perspectives: the Journal of Archaeology for Asia and the Pacific, Vol. 41, 2002</ref>	+	The yigupai\|Skeptical School of early Chinese history, started by Gu Jiegang in the 1920s, was the first group of scholars within China to seriously question the traditional story of its early history: “the later the time, the longer the legendary period of earlier history... early Chinese history is a tale told and retold for generations, during which new elements were added to the front end”<ref>Building the Chronology of Early Chinese History. Journal article by Yun Kuen Lee; Asian Perspectives: the Journal of Archaeology for Asia and the Pacific, Vol. 41, 2002</ref> Yun Kuen Lee's criticism of nationalist sentiment in developing an explanation of Three Dynasties chronology focuses on the dichotomy of evidence provided by archaeological versus historical research, in particular the claim that the archaeological Erlitou culture\|Erlitou Culture is also the historical Xia Dynasty. “How to fuse the archaeological dates with historical dates is a challenge to all chronological studies of early civilization.”<ref>Building the Chronology of Early Chinese History. Journal article by Yun Kuen Lee; Asian Perspectives: the Journal of Archaeology for Asia and the Pacific, Vol. 41, 2002</ref>

	Jie of Xia\|Jie, the last ruler, was said to be a corrupt king. He was overthrown by Tang of Shang\|Tang, the first king of the Shang dynasty.		Jie of Xia\|Jie, the last ruler, was said to be a corrupt king. He was overthrown by Tang of Shang\|Tang, the first king of the Shang dynasty.

Please be constructive

New page

{{tmbox|type=notice|text='''Please help <u>''improve''</u> Wikibooks'''.

Your [[Special:Contributions/KANNEBEN000|recent edits]] are considered unconstructive by fellow contributors. Please read [[WB:WIW|What is Wikibooks?]] for a description of what we allow. You can ask questions or ask for help in the [[WB:HELP|Assistance Reading Room]]. Please use the [[Wikibooks:Sandbox|sandbox]] for experimenting with the wiki software in the future. Thanks. --[[User:Jomegat|Jomegat]] ([[User talk:Jomegat|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Jomegat|contribs]]) 22:32, 31 December 2011 (UTC)}}

← Older revision	Revision as of 22:31, 31 December 2011
Line 1:	Line 1:
−	The '''Xia Dynasty''' ({{zh-cpw \|c=夏朝 \|p=xià cháo \|w=hsia-ch'ao}}) of China is the first dynasty to be described in ancient historical records such as ''Records of the Grand Historian'' and ''Bamboo Annals''. The Xia Dynasty was established by Yu the Great. According to the traditional chronology based upon calculations by Liu Xin, the Xia ruled between 2205 BCE and 1766 BCE, however according to the chronology based upon the ''Bamboo Annals'', it is between 1989 BCE and 1558 BCE. The Xia Shang Zhou Chronology Project concluded with 2070 BCE and 1600 BCE. Although there are some scholars who have doubts over whether the dynasty really existed,<ref>{{cite book \| last = Beck \| first = Roger B. \| authorlink = \| coauthors = Linda Black, Larry S. Krieger, Phillip C. Naylor, Dahia Ibo Shabaka, \| title = World History: Patterns of Interaction \| publisher = McDougal Littell \| date = 1999 \| location = Evanston, IL \| pages = \| url = \| doi = \| id = \| isbn = 0-395-87274-X }}</ref> archaeological evidence points toward its existence.	+	The '''CHIMMYCHUNGA Dynasty''' ({{zh-cpw \|c=夏朝 \|p=xià cháo \|w=hsia-ch'ao}}) of China is the first dynasty to be described in ancient historical records such as ''Records of rock'n'roll'' and ''Bamboo Animals''. The CHIMMYCHUNGA Dynasty was established by You. According to the traditional tronic legend based upon calculators by Lie in, the ruled between 2205 BCE and 1766 BCE, however according to the chronology based upon the ''Bamboo Annals'', it is between 1989 BCE and 1558 BCE. The CHIMMYCHUNGA tronological Project concluded with 2070 A.D. Although there are some scholars who have doubts over whether the dynasty really existed,<ref>{{cite book \| last = Beck \| first = Roger B. \| authorlink = \| coauthors = Linda Black, Larry S. Krieger, Phillip C. Naylor, Dahia Ibo Shabaka, \| title = World History: Patterns of Interaction \| publisher = McDougal Littell \| date = 1999 \| location = Evanston, IL \| pages = \| url = \| doi = \| id = \| isbn = 0-395-87274-X }}</ref> archaeological evidence points toward its existence.
−	According to historical records, it was preceded by the period of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors and followed by the Shang Dynasty.	+	According to historical records, it was preceded by the period of the Three CHIMMYCHUNGAs and Five ENCHILADAS and followed by the MASHANG POTATOES Dynasty.

	<br>		<br>
−	According to the official history, the Xia Dynasty was founded when Shun (Chinese leader)\|Shun abdicated the throne in favor of his minister Yu the Great\|Yu, whom Shun viewed as the perfect civil servant. Yu was greatly praised by his people for eliminating flooding by organizing the building of canals in all the major rivers. Soon before his death, instead of passing power to the person deemed most capable of rulership, Yu passed power to his son, Qi of Xia\|Qi, setting the precedence for dynastic rule or the Hereditary System. The Xia Dynasty thus began a period of family or clan control.	+	According to the official history, the CHIMMYCHUNGA Dynasty was founded when CHIMMY and his brother CHUNGA (Chinese eaters)\|Shunning abdicated the run in favor of his minister You the Great\|You, whom was Shunned viewed as the imperfect civil servant. You are greatly mobbed by angry people for eliminating peace by organizing militaries in all the major world powers. Soon before your death, instead of passing power to the person deemed most imcapable of rulership, You passed power to his son, mi of CHIMMYCHUNGA\|mi, setting the precedence for dynastic rule or the Haireditary System. The CHIMMYCHUNGA Dynasty thus began a period of family or man control.

−	The yigupai\|Skeptical School of early Chinese history, started by Gu Jiegang in the 1920s, was the first group of scholars within China to seriously question the traditional story of its early history: “the later the time, the longer the legendary period of earlier history... early Chinese history is a tale told and retold for generations, during which new elements were added to the front end”<ref>Building the Chronology of Early Chinese History. Journal article by Yun Kuen Lee; Asian Perspectives: the Journal of Archaeology for Asia and the Pacific, Vol. 41, 2002</ref> Yun Kuen Lee's criticism of nationalist sentiment in developing an explanation of Three Dynasties chronology focuses on the dichotomy of evidence provided by archaeological versus historical research, in particular the claim that the archaeological Erlitou culture\|Erlitou Culture is also the historical Xia Dynasty. “How to fuse the archaeological dates with historical dates is a challenge to all chronological studies of early civilization.”<ref>Building the Chronology of Early Chinese History. Journal article by Yun Kuen Lee; Asian Perspectives: the Journal of Archaeology for Asia and the Pacific, Vol. 41, 2002</ref>	+	The KILLINGDS\|Skeptical Schools of early Chinese history, started by Goo JeeGANG in the 1920s B.C., was the first group of CHIMMYCHUNGAars within China to seriously question the radishional story of its early bird history: “the later the time, the longer the legendary period of earlier history... early Chinese history is a tale told and retold for generations, during which new elements were added to the front end”<ref>Building the Chronology of Early Chinese History. Journal article by Yun Kuen Lee; Asian Perspectives: the Journal of Archaeology for Asia and the Pacific, Vol. 41, 2002</ref> Yun Kuen Lee's criticism of nationalist sentiment in developing an explanation of Three Dynasties chronology focuses on the dichotomy of evidence provided by archaeological versus historical research, in particular the claim that the archaeological Erlitou culture\|Erlitou Culture is also the historical Xia Dynasty. “How to fuse the archaeological dates with historical dates is a challenge to all chronological studies of early civilization.”<ref>Building the Chronology of Early Chinese History. Journal article by Yun Kuen Lee; Asian Perspectives: the Journal of Archaeology for Asia and the Pacific, Vol. 41, 2002</ref>

	Jie of Xia\|Jie, the last ruler, was said to be a corrupt king. He was overthrown by Tang of Shang\|Tang, the first king of the Shang dynasty.		Jie of Xia\|Jie, the last ruler, was said to be a corrupt king. He was overthrown by Tang of Shang\|Tang, the first king of the Shang dynasty.

← Older revision	Revision as of 22:17, 31 December 2011
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	At the end of the day, the 3rd Division had landed twenty-nine thousand troops in Normandy at a cost of about 630 casualties, but had failed to join up with the Canadians in Juno and to seize the town of Caen: they were stopped three miles short of it by German panzers. Although Sword and Juno would be joined in a few days, the capture of Caen would finally take place some six weeks behind schedule.		At the end of the day, the 3rd Division had landed twenty-nine thousand troops in Normandy at a cost of about 630 casualties, but had failed to join up with the Canadians in Juno and to seize the town of Caen: they were stopped three miles short of it by German panzers. Although Sword and Juno would be joined in a few days, the capture of Caen would finally take place some six weeks behind schedule.
	+
	+	==== Juno Beach ====
	+
	+	==== Sword Beach ====
	+
	+	==== Omaha Beach ====
	+
	+	==== Utah Beach ====

	Behind the advanced assault of airborne soldiers came the primary invasion of three American infantry divisions, the 4th, 29th,and 1st Infantry Divisions on beaches codenamed Utah and Omaha, with two British Divisions and one Canadian on beaches marked Sword, Gold, and Juno. With the placement of infantry on mainland France, the battle of Normandy had begun. A battle that in the end would involve the liberation of France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Italy, Denmark and Norway amongst others and bring the Nazi control of western Europe to an end.		Behind the advanced assault of airborne soldiers came the primary invasion of three American infantry divisions, the 4th, 29th,and 1st Infantry Divisions on beaches codenamed Utah and Omaha, with two British Divisions and one Canadian on beaches marked Sword, Gold, and Juno. With the placement of infantry on mainland France, the battle of Normandy had begun. A battle that in the end would involve the liberation of France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Italy, Denmark and Norway amongst others and bring the Nazi control of western Europe to an end.

Rejected the last text change (by KANNEBEN000) and restored revision 2152780 by B20180

← Older revision	Revision as of 22:11, 31 December 2011
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	This book is structured to handle several different levels of readers of the Harry Potter series. Therefore, the book has several pages available that detail suggested reading guides for specific reading levels:		This book is structured to handle several different levels of readers of the Harry Potter series. Therefore, the book has several pages available that detail suggested reading guides for specific reading levels:

−	*[[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Introduction/Beginner\|Beginner]] - Readers who are new to the Harry Potter series in general. This page should be used by readers who have only read all of the Harry Potter books or are just interested in a long description of the storyline and biographical information.	+	*[[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Introduction/Beginner\|Beginner]] - Readers who are new to the Harry Potter series in general. This page should be used by readers who have read only a small amount of the Harry Potter books or are just interested in a general overview of the storyline and biographical information.
−	*[[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Introduction/Intermediate\|Intermediate]] - Readers who have read none of the Harry Potter series and aren't familiar with any of the principal characters or places. brief documents for characters, places, and events and small summaries of the books.	+	*[[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Introduction/Intermediate\|Intermediate]] - Readers who have read most of the Harry Potter series and are familiar with many of the principal characters and places. Analysis for characters, places, and events and detailed summaries of the books.
−	*[[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Introduction/Advanced\|Advanced]] - Readers who have read none of the series and are looking to develop basic knowledge of the books' content and realize the general story. A slight step down from the intermediate level, only a few topics in the book are covered, providing a simple view of the series.	+	*[[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Introduction/Advanced\|Advanced]] - Readers who have read the entire series and are looking to develop detailed knowledge of the books' content and realize the greater picture. A slight step up from the intermediate level, almost every topic in the book is covered, providing a comprehensive view of the series.

−	For those who don't want to avoid spoilers, we add this caution. Particularly on the Character pages, and to a lesser extent the Magic pages, there are sections where analysis requires that we cover things that the reader may not have yet have seen. In particular, several characters are suddenly seen in a new light in the last two books. In as much as it is possible, we mark sections where these appear with the name of the book or chapter to which they apply. In a character Analysis section, therefore, there might be a heading "''Deathly Hallows''"; this is an indication that the following section should be avoided until you have read ''Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows'', to avoid spoilers.	+	All text is available to anyone who wants to read it; we do not "turn off" text if you are not at the proper level. Also, the level warnings mark an end to specific levels: beginners who do not want their reading experience spoiled by having plot points prematurely revealed should only read up to the "Beginner warning" or "Spoiler warning" tag. Intermediate readers similarly should read only up to the "Intermediate warning" tag. Advanced readers presumably have already read the entire series, and are fully knowledgeable about what happens in each novel, so their enjoyment in reading the series is undamaged by anything in this book. Thus, there is no tag for Advanced readers, as there is no place where they should stop reading.
	+
	+	For those who want to avoid spoilers, we add this caution. Particularly on the Character pages, and to a lesser extent the Magic pages, there are sections where analysis requires that we cover things that the reader may not have yet have seen. In particular, several characters are suddenly seen in a new light in the last two books. In as much as it is possible, we mark sections where these appear with the name of the book or chapter to which they apply. In a character Analysis section, therefore, there might be a heading "''Deathly Hallows''"; this is an indication that the following section should be avoided until you have read ''Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows'', to avoid spoilers.

	This book is a study guide meant to accompany the reading of the Harry Potter series in a course context; it is not meant to replace the books. This book does not contain the full text of the series; to include the full text of the series in that manner would be violation of copyright. We strongly recommend that if you do not already own a copy of the Harry Potter series, a very good place to start, even before looking any further at this Guide, is to obtain copies of the seven books in the series.		This book is a study guide meant to accompany the reading of the Harry Potter series in a course context; it is not meant to replace the books. This book does not contain the full text of the series; to include the full text of the series in that manner would be violation of copyright. We strongly recommend that if you do not already own a copy of the Harry Potter series, a very good place to start, even before looking any further at this Guide, is to obtain copies of the seven books in the series.

Analysis: this is where analysis should go

← Older revision	Revision as of 22:09, 31 December 2011
Line 59:	Line 59:

	Professor Binns, being a ghost, shares many features common to all ghosts mentioned in the series. Significant analysis of ghosts appears [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/Ghost\|on that page]].		Professor Binns, being a ghost, shares many features common to all ghosts mentioned in the series. Significant analysis of ghosts appears [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/Ghost\|on that page]].
	+
	+	It would appear that the only book in which Professor Binns is at all important to the plot is ''Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets''. Presumably any character teaching History of Magic could equally serve the purpose here. Professor Binns also has a tiny role in ''Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix'', where Hedwig's appearance at the classroom window is only noticed because the class itself is so dull.
	+
	+	It is never explained why History of Magic is taught by a ghost; we can only speculate that the author thought it would be an interesting conceit to have an effectively dead subject taught by an effectively dead teacher. There is also no explanation for the confusion of names that Professor Binns displays in his one useful interaction with the class; he does seem to get the initial letter of the student's name right (for instance, Parvati ''P''atil becomes Miss ''P''ennyfeather). It is possible that he is simply recalling the names of students that he taught when he was alive, conflating him with the students he finds in front of him.

	== Questions ==		== Questions ==

← Older revision	Revision as of 22:07, 31 December 2011
Line 14:	Line 14:
	This book is structured to handle several different levels of readers of the Harry Potter series. Therefore, the book has several pages available that detail suggested reading guides for specific reading levels:		This book is structured to handle several different levels of readers of the Harry Potter series. Therefore, the book has several pages available that detail suggested reading guides for specific reading levels:

−	*[[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Introduction/Beginner\|Beginner]] - Readers who are new to the Harry Potter series in general. This page should be used by readers who have read only a small amount of the Harry Potter books or are just interested in a general overview of the storyline and biographical information.	+	*[[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Introduction/Beginner\|Beginner]] - Readers who are new to the Harry Potter series in general. This page should be used by readers who have only read all of the Harry Potter books or are just interested in a long description of the storyline and biographical information.
−	*[[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Introduction/Intermediate\|Intermediate]] - Readers who have read most of the Harry Potter series and are familiar with many of the principal characters and places. Analysis for characters, places, and events and detailed summaries of the books.	+	*[[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Introduction/Intermediate\|Intermediate]] - Readers who have read none of the Harry Potter series and aren't familiar with any of the principal characters or places. brief documents for characters, places, and events and small summaries of the books.
−	*[[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Introduction/Advanced\|Advanced]] - Readers who have read the entire series and are looking to develop detailed knowledge of the books' content and realize the greater picture. A slight step up from the intermediate level, almost every topic in the book is covered, providing a comprehensive view of the series.	+	*[[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Introduction/Advanced\|Advanced]] - Readers who have read none of the series and are looking to develop basic knowledge of the books' content and realize the general story. A slight step down from the intermediate level, only a few topics in the book are covered, providing a simple view of the series.

−	All text is available to anyone who wants to read it; we do not "turn off" text if you are not at the proper level. Also, the level warnings mark an end to specific levels: beginners who do not want their reading experience spoiled by having plot points prematurely revealed should only read up to the "Beginner warning" or "Spoiler warning" tag. Intermediate readers similarly should read only up to the "Intermediate warning" tag. Advanced readers presumably have already read the entire series, and are fully knowledgeable about what happens in each novel, so their enjoyment in reading the series is undamaged by anything in this book. Thus, there is no tag for Advanced readers, as there is no place where they should stop reading.	+	For those who don't want to avoid spoilers, we add this caution. Particularly on the Character pages, and to a lesser extent the Magic pages, there are sections where analysis requires that we cover things that the reader may not have yet have seen. In particular, several characters are suddenly seen in a new light in the last two books. In as much as it is possible, we mark sections where these appear with the name of the book or chapter to which they apply. In a character Analysis section, therefore, there might be a heading "''Deathly Hallows''"; this is an indication that the following section should be avoided until you have read ''Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows'', to avoid spoilers.
−
−	For those who want to avoid spoilers, we add this caution. Particularly on the Character pages, and to a lesser extent the Magic pages, there are sections where analysis requires that we cover things that the reader may not have yet have seen. In particular, several characters are suddenly seen in a new light in the last two books. In as much as it is possible, we mark sections where these appear with the name of the book or chapter to which they apply. In a character Analysis section, therefore, there might be a heading "''Deathly Hallows''"; this is an indication that the following section should be avoided until you have read ''Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows'', to avoid spoilers.

	This book is a study guide meant to accompany the reading of the Harry Potter series in a course context; it is not meant to replace the books. This book does not contain the full text of the series; to include the full text of the series in that manner would be violation of copyright. We strongly recommend that if you do not already own a copy of the Harry Potter series, a very good place to start, even before looking any further at this Guide, is to obtain copies of the seven books in the series.		This book is a study guide meant to accompany the reading of the Harry Potter series in a course context; it is not meant to replace the books. This book does not contain the full text of the series; to include the full text of the series in that manner would be violation of copyright. We strongly recommend that if you do not already own a copy of the Harry Potter series, a very good place to start, even before looking any further at this Guide, is to obtain copies of the seven books in the series.

Compiling the regression tests:

← Older revision	Revision as of 22:02, 31 December 2011
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	*Copy OpenSCAD's "scripts/installer.nsi" to the "release" directory.		*Copy OpenSCAD's "scripts/installer.nsi" to the "release" directory.
	*Right-click on the file and compile it with NSIS. It will spit out a nice, easy installer. Enjoy.		*Right-click on the file and compile it with NSIS. It will spit out a nice, easy installer. Enjoy.
−	<!-- preview - tests are not into the official release yet

	==Compiling the regression tests==		==Compiling the regression tests==
Line 170:	Line 169:
	cd c:openscadtests		cd c:openscadtests
	cmake . -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release		cmake . -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
−	Edit the CMakeCache.txt file,	+	Edit the CMakeCache.txt file, search/replace /MD to /MT
−	search/replace /MD to /MT
	cmake .		cmake .
	nmake -f Makefile		nmake -f Makefile

−	If you have link problems, see Troubleshooting, below.	+	*This should produce a number of test .exe files in your directory. Now run
	+
	+	ctest
	+
	+	If you have link problems, see Troubleshooting, below.

	== Troubleshooting ==		== Troubleshooting ==

Rejected the last 4 text changes (by 86.183.62.165) and restored revision 2233918 by PNW Raven -- analysis belongs in analysis, links should not be broken

← Older revision	Revision as of 22:01, 31 December 2011
Line 22:	Line 22:
	=== [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Books/Chamber of Secrets\|Chamber of Secrets]] ===		=== [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Books/Chamber of Secrets\|Chamber of Secrets]] ===

−	[[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/T= Hermione_Granger\|Hermione]] convinces Professor Binns to tell the class about the Chamber of Secrets; this upsets him because it is myth, rather than concrete facts. However, he does explain what the myth says, which is instrumental in the later discovery of the actual chamber. This is therefore the only book where Professor Binns is necessary to the plot.	+	[[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Hermione_Granger\|Hermione]] convinces Professor Binns to tell the class about the Chamber of Secrets; this upsets him because it is myth, rather than concrete facts. However, he does explain what the myth says, which is instrumental in the later discovery of the actual chamber.

	According to Professor Binns, Hogwarts' four Founders had a falling out. One, [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Salazar Slytherin\|Salazar Slytherin]], believed the school should only accept students descended from wizard families. The other three Founders strongly disagreed, believing Muggle-borns and Half-bloods should be allowed to study magic. Slytherin then left the school for good, but not before he supposedly created a secret chamber and housed a monster within. Legend claims the Chamber can be opened, and the monster can be controlled, only by Slytherin's true heir. Binns goes on to say that headmaster after headmaster has searched the school, and none found so much as a secret broom closet. Angry at having his lovely historical facts interrupted by this legend, Binns then refuses to speak any more about it, and the class once again subsides into boredom.		According to Professor Binns, Hogwarts' four Founders had a falling out. One, [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Salazar Slytherin\|Salazar Slytherin]], believed the school should only accept students descended from wizard families. The other three Founders strongly disagreed, believing Muggle-borns and Half-bloods should be allowed to study magic. Slytherin then left the school for good, but not before he supposedly created a secret chamber and housed a monster within. Legend claims the Chamber can be opened, and the monster can be controlled, only by Slytherin's true heir. Binns goes on to say that headmaster after headmaster has searched the school, and none found so much as a secret broom closet. Angry at having his lovely historical facts interrupted by this legend, Binns then refuses to speak any more about it, and the class once again subsides into boredom.
Line 40:	Line 40:
	=== [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Books/Half-Blood Prince\|Half-Blood Prince]] ===		=== [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Books/Half-Blood Prince\|Half-Blood Prince]] ===

−	As neither Harry or Ron received a pass grade on his History of Magic OWL, they no longer attend History of Magic, and evidently Hermione has also chosen to drop the subject. Thus, Professor Binns does not appear in this book, or in the subsequent book.	+	As neither Harry or Ron received a passing grade on his History of Magic OWL, they no longer attend History of Magic, and evidently Hermione has also chosen to drop the subject; thus, Professor Binns has no role in this book.

	== Strengths ==		== Strengths ==
Line 54:	Line 54:
	== Relationships with Other Characters ==		== Relationships with Other Characters ==

−	Being a ghost, Binns seems relatively detached from flesh-and-blood characters. As there are no references of him appearing among the other ghosts, it seems that he has no special interest in them either. His only interests apparently lie in teaching his classes. Although this requires that he be attentive to his students, his interaction with them appears to end as soon as they leave the classroom. He is even unable to remember his students' names. When Hermione Granger asks about the Chamber of Secrets, he initially does not recall her name, then addresses her as "Miss Grant," calls [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Seamus Finnigan\|Seamus Finnigan]] "O'Flaherty," and addresses [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Parvati Patil\|Parvati Patil]] as "Miss Pennyfeather." Perhaps he addresses them by the names of students he taught when he was alive.	+	Being a ghost, Binns seems relatively detached from flesh-and-blood characters. As there are no references of him appearing among the other ghosts, it seems that he has no special interest in them either. His only interests apparently lie in teaching his classes. Although this requires that he be attentive to his students, his interaction with them appears to end as soon as they leave the classroom. He is even unable to remember his students' names. When Hermione Granger asks about the Chamber of Secrets, he initially does not recall her name, then addresses her as "Miss Grant," calls [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Seamus Finnigan\|Seamus Finnigan]] "O'Flaherty," and addresses [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Parvati Patil\|Parvati Patil]] as "Miss Pennyfeather."

	== Analysis ==		== Analysis ==

OpenSCAD:

← Older revision	Revision as of 22:00, 31 December 2011
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Line 1:	Line 1:
−	I managed to compile OpenSCAD on 04.May.2011. I'll try to document the necessary steps.	+	This is a set of instructions for building OpenSCAD with the Microsoft Visual C++ compilers.
−	The build is as static as reasonable, with no external DLL dependencies that are not shipped with Windows

−	Update July 2011. I followed the steps, but had to alter some of them to get CGAL to link properly. I was on Windows XP SP 2. I used the same exact tools listed under 'downloads'.	+	The build is as static as reasonable, with no external DLL dependencies that are not shipped with Windows

	==Downloads==		==Downloads==
	start by downloading:		start by downloading:

−	*vcexpress http://download.microsoft.com/download/E/8/E/E8EEB394-7F42-4963-A2D8-29559B738298/VS2008ExpressWithSP1ENUX1504728.iso	+	*Visual Studio Express http://download.microsoft.com/download/E/8/E/E8EEB394-7F42-4963-A2D8-29559B738298/VS2008ExpressWithSP1ENUX1504728.iso
	*QT (for vs2008) http://get.qt.nokia.com/qt/source/qt-win-opensource-4.7.2-vs2008.exe		*QT (for vs2008) http://get.qt.nokia.com/qt/source/qt-win-opensource-4.7.2-vs2008.exe
	*git http://msysgit.googlecode.com/files/Git-1.7.4-preview20110204.exe		*git http://msysgit.googlecode.com/files/Git-1.7.4-preview20110204.exe
Line 134:	Line 134:

	===OpenSCAD===		===OpenSCAD===
−	In the openscad directory, edit the following files:

−	'''openscad.pro'''	+	*Bison/Flex: Open the mingw shell and type <code>mingw-get install msys-bison</code>. Then do the same for flex: <code>mingw-get install msys-flex</code>

−	To prevent a VERSION error at buildtime on Windows XP, change	+	*Open the QT Shell, and copy/paste the following commands
−	isEmpty(VERSION) VERSION = $$system(date /t)
−	to
−	isEmpty(VERSION) VERSION = "2011.07.20"
−	(or your preferred version number)
−
−	'''bison.pri and flex.pri'''
−
−	These files should work OK as-is, because Git adds <code>"C:Program FilesGitbin"</code> (which has bison and flex) to Windows' environment variable <code>PATH</code>. If it fails for some reason, then you have to edit bison.pri and flex.pri and tell qmake where bison and flex are:
−
−	*In bison.pri, in the lines that say bison.commands and bison_header.commands, change "bison" to "C:MinGWmsys1.0binbison.exe"
−	** Note: 06/20/2011 I couldn't find "bison.exe" anywhere inside MinGW and instead found it in "C:Program FilesGitbin".
−	*** Note: 7/20/2011 To get with ming, open mingw shell and type <code>mingw-get install msys-bison</code>
−	*In flex.pri, in the line that says flex.commands, change "flex" to "C:MinGWmsys1.0binflex.exe"
−	** Note: 06/20/2011 I couldn't find "flex.exe" anywhere inside MinGW and instead found it in "C:Program FilesGitbin".
−	*** Note: 7/20/2011 To get with ming, open mingw shell and type <code>mingw-get install msys-flex</code>
−
−	'''Building'''
−
−	Now, from within the QT Command Prompt, run the following commands:

	cd C:openscad		cd C:openscad
Line 146:	Line 145:
	set LIB=%LIB%C:boost_1_46_1lib;C:glew-1.5.8lib;C:OpenCSG-1.3.2lib		set LIB=%LIB%C:boost_1_46_1lib;C:glew-1.5.8lib;C:OpenCSG-1.3.2lib
	qmake		qmake
−
−	Ignore the warnings.
−
−	Now run
−
	nmake -f Makefile.Release		nmake -f Makefile.Release

−	Wait for the nmake to end. Ignore all warnings, both from the compiler and the linker. There will be an openscad.exe file in the release folder. Enjoy.	+	Wait for the nmake to end. There are usually a lot of non-fatal warnings about the linker. On success, there will be an openscad.exe file in the release folder. Enjoy.

	==Building an installer==		==Building an installer==
Line 165:	Line 159:
	*Right-click on the file and compile it with NSIS. It will spit out a nice, easy installer. Enjoy.		*Right-click on the file and compile it with NSIS. It will spit out a nice, easy installer. Enjoy.
	<!-- preview - tests are not into the official release yet		<!-- preview - tests are not into the official release yet
	+
	==Compiling the regression tests==		==Compiling the regression tests==

	*Follow all the above steps, build openscad, run it, and test that it basically works.		*Follow all the above steps, build openscad, run it, and test that it basically works.
	+	*Install Python 2.x (not 3.x) from http://www.python.org
	*read openscaddocstesting.txt		*read openscaddocstesting.txt
	*Go into your QT shell		*Go into your QT shell

	+	set PATH=%PATH%;C:Python27 (or your version of python)
	cd c:openscadtests		cd c:openscadtests
−	mkdir build	+	cmake . -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
−	cd build	+	Edit the CMakeCache.txt file,
−	cmake ..	+	search/replace /MD to /MT
−		+	cmake .
−	*Edit the CMakeCache.txt file,
−	**search/replace /MD to /MT
−	**change BUILD_TYPE to Release not Debug
−	*re-run cmake & do build
−
−	cmake ..
	nmake -f Makefile		nmake -f Makefile

	If you have link problems, see Troubleshooting, below.		If you have link problems, see Troubleshooting, below.
−
−	You will need to install Python 2.x to run tests. You can get it from
−
−	http://www.python.org
−
−	Set your PATH (using your version of python)
−
−	set PATH=%PATH%;C:Python27
−
−	Now run
−
−	nmake -f Makefile test
−
−	-->

	== Troubleshooting ==		== Troubleshooting ==

Troubleshooting:

← Older revision	Revision as of 21:54, 31 December 2011
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	== Compiling OpenSCAD on Debian/Ubuntu systems ==		== Compiling OpenSCAD on Debian/Ubuntu systems ==

−	Building on a Debian-based system shouldn't be all that different from building on other systems, but the names of packages might well differ. These instructions were tested on Ubuntu Maverick (10.10) and code from git '''2687900'''. The latest code in git depends on CGAL 3.5 or above which is in lucid, but karmic(9.10) has version 3.4. Backporting works. Or you can Build [[OpenSCAD User Manual/CGAL From Source\|CGAL 3.7 From Source]]. Note: OpenSCAD is now dependent on CGAL 3.6.	+	Building on a Debian-based system shouldn't be all that different from building on other systems, but the names of packages might well differ. Make sure your system has the proper versions of libraries (see the README in the base of the package). Running with the old versions of libraries like CGAL and OpenCSG can result in buggy behavior of OpenSCAD. Ubuntu 9 and 10, for example, have outdated versions of CGAL.

	* Install packaged dependencies		* Install packaged dependencies
Line 17:	Line 17:
	libeigen2-dev git-core libboost-dev libboost-thread-dev libboost-program-options-dev libXi-dev		libeigen2-dev git-core libboost-dev libboost-thread-dev libboost-program-options-dev libXi-dev

−	* Install GCAL (If you didn't build [[OpenSCAD User Manual/CGAL From Source\|CGAL From Source]])	+	* If your system has an outdated, CGAL, [[OpenSCAD User Manual/CGAL From Source\|install it from source]], and uninstall your distro's cgal packages. Otherwise:
−	sudo apt-get install libcgal-dev	+
	+	sudo apt-get install libcgal-dev

	* Install optional dependencies for the examples		* Install optional dependencies for the examples
Line 234:	Line 234:
	**FreeBSD uses /usr/local/ where linux often uses /usr (/usr/local/include, /usr/local/bin/, etc)		**FreeBSD uses /usr/local/ where linux often uses /usr (/usr/local/include, /usr/local/bin/, etc)
	**BSD has outdated flex in /usr/bin, but an updated version in /usr/local/bin		**BSD has outdated flex in /usr/bin, but an updated version in /usr/local/bin
	+
	+	'''NetBSD'''
	+
	+	*The main problem with NetBSD is that CGAL depends on fenv.h, which NetBSD's C Library does not usually have.

	{{BookCat}}		{{BookCat}}

← Older revision	Revision as of 21:29, 31 December 2011
Line 73:	Line 73:
	#Use edit summaries. Every edit should have a description. What did you edit? How much did you edit? Did you write new content that needs to be reviewed, or did you review existing content?		#Use edit summaries. Every edit should have a description. What did you edit? How much did you edit? Did you write new content that needs to be reviewed, or did you review existing content?

−	[[pt:Usando um wikilivro numa sala de aula]]	+	[[pt:Usando o Wikilivros/Usando um wikilivro numa sala de aula]]

New user account

link

← Older revision	Revision as of 21:28, 31 December 2011
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	#Keep track of contributions. Keep track of individual student contributions. Students that edit early and often are more likely to produce higher-quality materials than those that try to dump large volumes of content in a single edit.		#Keep track of contributions. Keep track of individual student contributions. Students that edit early and often are more likely to produce higher-quality materials than those that try to dump large volumes of content in a single edit.
	#Use edit summaries. Every edit should have a description. What did you edit? How much did you edit? Did you write new content that needs to be reviewed, or did you review existing content?		#Use edit summaries. Every edit should have a description. What did you edit? How much did you edit? Did you write new content that needs to be reviewed, or did you review existing content?
	+
	+	[[pt:Usando um wikilivro numa sala de aula]]

← Older revision	Revision as of 21:27, 31 December 2011
(One intermediate revision by one user not shown)
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	"'''Tablespoon'''" may be abbreviated as '''T''' (note: uppercase letter), '''tbl''', '''tbs''' or '''tbsp'''.		"'''Tablespoon'''" may be abbreviated as '''T''' (note: uppercase letter), '''tbl''', '''tbs''' or '''tbsp'''.

−	A typical large dinner spoon, as one might use for a normal bowl of soup or cereal, is about 1 tablespoon in size.	+	A typical large dinner spoon is about 1 tablespoon in size. It is not often the case, but some might consider the dinner spoon as the one used towards a normal bowl of soup or cereal. At any rate, it is not to be confused with a regular spoon for the amount of 1 tablespoon is a bit larger than a regular one.

	The seldom-used imperial (post-1824 British) tablespoon is defined to be 18 mL, which is 20% larger than the Queen Anne tablespoon used in the USA. Thus, the Queen Anne (USA) tablespoon is 5/6 the size of the British one. The Australian (metric) tablespoon is even bigger, at 20 mL, while the teaspoon remains at 5 mL to give 4 teaspoons per tablespoon instead of the 3 teaspoons used elsewhere.		The seldom-used imperial (post-1824 British) tablespoon is defined to be 18 mL, which is 20% larger than the Queen Anne tablespoon used in the USA. Thus, the Queen Anne (USA) tablespoon is 5/6 the size of the British one. The Australian (metric) tablespoon is even bigger, at 20 mL, while the teaspoon remains at 5 mL to give 4 teaspoons per tablespoon instead of the 3 teaspoons used elsewhere.

← Older revision	Revision as of 21:14, 31 December 2011
(One intermediate revision by one user not shown)
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	For more information about Collections, see the relevant chapters in '''The Wikibooks Author''' ([[Using Wikibooks/Print versions and PDFs#Collections Extension]]), or visit [[Help:Collections]].		For more information about Collections, see the relevant chapters in '''The Wikibooks Author''' ([[Using Wikibooks/Print versions and PDFs#Collections Extension]]), or visit [[Help:Collections]].
	+	[[pt:Usando o Wikilivros/Imprimindo um wikilivro]]

New user account

Vocabulary:

← Older revision	Revision as of 20:58, 31 December 2011
Line 8:	Line 8:
	=== Vocabulary ===		=== Vocabulary ===

−	종교 - Religion	+	종교(中教) - Religion

	하나님/하느님 - God		하나님/하느님 - God
Line 14:	Line 14:
	하늘 - Heaven		하늘 - Heaven

−	악마/마귀 - The devil(사탄-satan)	+	악마/마귀(惡魔/魔鬼) - The devil(사탄-satan)

−	지옥 - Hell	+	지옥(地獄) - Hell

−	성신/성령 - Holy spirit/Holy Ghost	+	성신/성령(聖神/聖靈) - Holy spirit/Holy Ghost

	영적인 - spiritual		영적인 - spiritual

−	교회 - Church	+	교회(教會) - Church

	성경(聖經) - The Bible		성경(聖經) - The Bible
Line 28:	Line 28:
	절 - (Buddhist) Temple		절 - (Buddhist) Temple

−	무교 - no religion	+	무교(無教) - no religion

−	불교 - Buddhism	+	불교(佛教) - Buddhism

−	불경 - Buddhist scriptures	+	불경(佛經) - Buddhist scriptures

−	부처님 - Buddha	+	부처님(菩薩님) - Buddha

	교파 - sect		교파 - sect

−	영원히 - eternally, forever	+	영원히(永遠히) - eternally, forever

−	천국 - paradise	+	천국(天國) - paradise

−	화신 - reincarnation	+	화신(化身) - reincarnation

−	부활 - resurrection	+	부활(復活) - resurrection

	예수 그리스도 - Jesus Christ		예수 그리스도 - Jesus Christ

−	사도 - apostle	+	사도(使徒) - apostle

−	기도하다 - to pray	+	기도하다(祈禱하다) - to pray

−	응답 - an answer(spiritual)	+	응답(應答) - an answer(spiritual)

	믿다 - to believe		믿다 - to believe

−	이해하다 - to understand	+	이해하다(理解하다) - to understand

−	오해 - misunderstanding	+	오해(誤會) - misunderstanding

	헷갈리다 - to be confused(혼란스럽다 too)		헷갈리다 - to be confused(혼란스럽다 too)

−	경전 - scriptures	+	경전(經典) - scriptures

	성전(聖殿) - Temple		성전(聖殿) - Temple

Relationships with Other Characters:

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	=== [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Books/Chamber of Secrets\|Chamber of Secrets]] ===		=== [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Books/Chamber of Secrets\|Chamber of Secrets]] ===

−	[[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Hermione_Granger\|Hermione]] convinces Professor Binns to tell the class about the Chamber of Secrets; this upsets him because it is myth, rather than concrete facts. However, he does explain what the myth says, which is instrumental in the later discovery of the actual chamber.	+	[[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/T= Hermione_Granger\|Hermione]] convinces Professor Binns to tell the class about the Chamber of Secrets; this upsets him because it is myth, rather than concrete facts. However, he does explain what the myth says, which is instrumental in the later discovery of the actual chamber. This is therefore the only book where Professor Binns is necessary to the plot.

	According to Professor Binns, Hogwarts' four Founders had a falling out. One, [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Salazar Slytherin\|Salazar Slytherin]], believed the school should only accept students descended from wizard families. The other three Founders strongly disagreed, believing Muggle-borns and Half-bloods should be allowed to study magic. Slytherin then left the school for good, but not before he supposedly created a secret chamber and housed a monster within. Legend claims the Chamber can be opened, and the monster can be controlled, only by Slytherin's true heir. Binns goes on to say that headmaster after headmaster has searched the school, and none found so much as a secret broom closet. Angry at having his lovely historical facts interrupted by this legend, Binns then refuses to speak any more about it, and the class once again subsides into boredom.		According to Professor Binns, Hogwarts' four Founders had a falling out. One, [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Salazar Slytherin\|Salazar Slytherin]], believed the school should only accept students descended from wizard families. The other three Founders strongly disagreed, believing Muggle-borns and Half-bloods should be allowed to study magic. Slytherin then left the school for good, but not before he supposedly created a secret chamber and housed a monster within. Legend claims the Chamber can be opened, and the monster can be controlled, only by Slytherin's true heir. Binns goes on to say that headmaster after headmaster has searched the school, and none found so much as a secret broom closet. Angry at having his lovely historical facts interrupted by this legend, Binns then refuses to speak any more about it, and the class once again subsides into boredom.
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	=== [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Books/Half-Blood Prince\|Half-Blood Prince]] ===		=== [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Books/Half-Blood Prince\|Half-Blood Prince]] ===

−	As neither Harry or Ron received a passing grade on his History of Magic OWL, they no longer attend History of Magic, and evidently Hermione has also chosen to drop the subject; thus, Professor Binns has no role in this book.	+	As neither Harry or Ron received a pass grade on his History of Magic OWL, they no longer attend History of Magic, and evidently Hermione has also chosen to drop the subject. Thus, Professor Binns does not appear in this book, or in the subsequent book.

	== Strengths ==		== Strengths ==
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	== Relationships with Other Characters ==		== Relationships with Other Characters ==

−	Being a ghost, Binns seems relatively detached from flesh-and-blood characters. As there are no references of him appearing among the other ghosts, it seems that he has no special interest in them either. His only interests apparently lie in teaching his classes. Although this requires that he be attentive to his students, his interaction with them appears to end as soon as they leave the classroom. He is even unable to remember his students' names. When Hermione Granger asks about the Chamber of Secrets, he initially does not recall her name, then addresses her as "Miss Grant," calls [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Seamus Finnigan\|Seamus Finnigan]] "O'Flaherty," and addresses [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Parvati Patil\|Parvati Patil]] as "Miss Pennyfeather."	+	Being a ghost, Binns seems relatively detached from flesh-and-blood characters. As there are no references of him appearing among the other ghosts, it seems that he has no special interest in them either. His only interests apparently lie in teaching his classes. Although this requires that he be attentive to his students, his interaction with them appears to end as soon as they leave the classroom. He is even unable to remember his students' names. When Hermione Granger asks about the Chamber of Secrets, he initially does not recall her name, then addresses her as "Miss Grant," calls [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Seamus Finnigan\|Seamus Finnigan]] "O'Flaherty," and addresses [[Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Parvati Patil\|Parvati Patil]] as "Miss Pennyfeather." Perhaps he addresses them by the names of students he taught when he was alive.

	== Analysis ==		== Analysis ==

Reverted edits by 216.58.47.182 (talk) to last version by 198.96.85.192

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	+	==Momentum==
	+	Any object that has a Mass m moves at a speed v has a Momentum equal to the product of Mass and Speed
	+	: p = m v = m a t = F t
	+
	+	==Impulse==
	+	: <math>F = frac{p}{t}</math>
	+
	+	==Work==
	+	: W = F s = F v t = p v
	+
	+	==Energy==
	+	: <math>E = frac{W}{t} = F v = p a</math>
	+	{{BookCat}}

deleted "[[English Grammar/Basic Parts of Speech/Basic Parts of Speech Review]]" Test page. Please use the sandbox for experimenting with Wikibooks.: content was: "{{delete}} I am not loggin the"

deleted "[[Jameswalter123page]]" Spam, vandalism, or nonsense: content was: "{{delete}} James Walter is now here to share you [http://www.loungecliniclebanon.com/ Dentist Lebanon]"

Vocabulary:

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	==Vocabulary ==		==Vocabulary ==
−	* 영화 film, movie	+	* 영화(映畫) film, movie
−	* 극장 theater	+	* 극장(劇場) theater
	* 멀티플렉스 Multiplex		* 멀티플렉스 Multiplex
−	* 화면 screen	+	* 화면(畫面) screen

changed block settings for [[69.173.32.152 (discuss)]] with an expiry time of 1 week (anonymous users only, account creation disabled) vandalism: Extending block to one week.

deleted "[[Engineering Handbook/Mathematics HandBook/Trigonometry]]" Use of copyrighted work without permission. Please read Terms of Use: content was: "==Basic Trigonometric functions== :{| class="wikitable" width=100% ! Trigonometric Function !! Graphs |- | <math>x = Cos theta

deleted "[[Engineering Handbook/Mathematics HandBook/Calculus/Differentiation]]" Use of copyrighted work without permission. Please read Terms of Use: content was: "==Differentiation== '''Differentiation''' is a method to compute the rate at which a dependent output ''y'' changes with respect

Vocabulary:

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	=== Vocabulary ===		=== Vocabulary ===
−	* hospital 병원	+	* hospital 병원(病院)
	* ambulance 구급차(救急車)		* ambulance 구급차(救急車)
−	* doctor 의사	+	* doctor 의사(醫師)
−	* nurse 간호사	+	* nurse 간호사(看護師)
	* fever 신열(身熱)		* fever 신열(身熱)
	* flu 인플루엔자		* flu 인플루엔자
	* catch a cold 감기 걸리다		* catch a cold 감기 걸리다
−	* illness 병	+	* illness 병(病)

deleted "[[Engineering Handbook/Mathematics HandBook/Calculus/Integration/trigonometric functions]]" Use of copyrighted work without permission. Please read Terms of Use: content was: " == Integrals involving only sine == : <math>intsin ax;dx = -frac{1}{a}cos ax+C,!</math> <br /> : <math>intsin^2 {

copypaste

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	+	{{copypaste\|Wikipedia:List of integrals of inverse hyperbolic functions}}
	The following is a list of [[indefinite integral]]s ([[antiderivative]]s) of expressions involving the [[inverse hyperbolic function]]s. For a complete list of integral formulas, see [[lists of integrals]].		The following is a list of [[indefinite integral]]s ([[antiderivative]]s) of expressions involving the [[inverse hyperbolic function]]s. For a complete list of integral formulas, see [[lists of integrals]].

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−	'''Wikipedia''' is an offline encyclopedia that "no one can edit".	+	'''Wikipedia''' is an online encyclopedia that "anyone can edit".

−	==stupid==	+	==Project==

−	=== epicness ===	+	=== History ===

−	[[File:jimmy jhones.jpg\|thumb\|jimmy jhones founder of Wikipedia]]	+	[[File:JimmyWalesJI5.jpg\|thumb\|Jimmy Wales, founder of Wikipedia]]

−	=== stupidist thing on earth===	+	=== Vision ===
	<gallery>		<gallery>
−	File:L_Sanger.jpg\|evil, co-founder of Wikipedia	+	File:L_Sanger.jpg\|Larry Sanger, co-founder of Wikipedia

−	</germany>	+	</gallery>

−	I CHIMMYCHUNGA	+	=== Impact ===
	+	=== Controversy ===
	+	=== Future Projects ===

−	booker cat book mark you are stupid blawwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww

−	wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww	+
	+	*[[/Ideals/]]
	+	*[[/Criticisms/]]
	+
	+	==Usage==
	+	*[[/Getting Started/]]
	+
	+	{{BookCat}}